Pathophysiology

Matthew Sorenson, PhD, APN, ANP-C The pre-nursing career of Matthew Sorenson includes experience as a recovery room orderly, paramedic, and child care worker and an initial collegiate major in history. His nursing career began with a BSN degree from Northern Illinois University (with a minor in history). After graduation, he worked primarily in physical rehabilitation, focusing on neurologic conditions and injury, an area in which he remains active. He holds an MS in Applied Family and Child Studies (Focus on Abuse and Neglect) and an MS in Nursing (Community Health Focus). His doctorate is from Loyola University Chicago, where he studied stress-related changes in immunologic function in those with multiple sclerosis. Postdoctoral education includes a three-year fellowship with the neurology service at Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital (focus on multiple sclerosis) and a year-long fellowship in Disability Ethics through the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. He is an Adult Nurse Practitioner. His time as a nurse practitioner is spent primarily with street outreach programs targeting the homeless and working poor. His research focuses on immunologic correlates of fatigue, particularly in those with multiple sclerosis. He is currently funded to investigate viral epigenetics in multiple sclerosis. He teaches physical assessment, pharmacology, medical-surgical nursing, and pathophysiology. Academically, Dr. Sorenson teaches at DePaul University with an additional appointment in the School of Medicine (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation) at Northwestern University. He served as a program director for several years and was recently named Director of the School of Nursing. Laurie Quinn, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAHA, CDE Laurie Quinn is a Clinical Professor in the Department of Biobehavioral Health Science in the College of Nursing at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC). Dr. Quinn earned her PhD from UIC in Nursing Science and has been on the UIC College of Nursing faculty for 20 years. Her primary research focus is the study of metabolic alterations associated with diabetes mellitus, especially their role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Her research has focused on examining the effect of aerobic exercise on the metabolic derangements of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. She is currently part of an interdisciplinary team from University of Chicago, Illinois Institute of Technology, and UIC that is developing an artificial pancreas. Dr. Quinn is a Certified Diabetes Educator and worked as a Clinical Nurse Specialist at Rush University Medical Center. She has received several awards for teaching excellence and has lectured in graduate and undergraduate physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology classes. She has published and presented extensively in research and clinical practice venues on diabetes-related topics. Dr. Quinn is an active member of the American Diabetes Association and American Heart Association. She has been a healthcare coordinator at an American Diabetes Association summer camp for children with diabetes for several years. In this role, she has cared for numerous children with type 1 diabetes and helped to educate clinical staff and students from various healthcare specialties on the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Diane Klein, PhD, RN Diane Klein earned a BSN degree from Loyola University Chicago and then worked as a nurse in the trauma unit and medical units at Cook County Hospital. During her clinical practice, she became interested in research, which led her to earn a PhD in physiology from the University of Illinois at the Medical Center Campus in Chicago. Her research interests as a faculty member at Loyola University Chicago have included the role of cyclic nucleotides in altered lung metabolism during septic shock, and the use of nebulized morphine in the treatment of dyspnea. Dr. Klein was

Brief Contents PART 1: FOUNDATIONS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Introduction to the Basics of Pathophysiology
Genetics, Genomics, and Epigenomics
Environmental Influences on Disease and Injury
Stress and Adaptation

PART 2: RISKS UNDERLYING THE LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

Health Risks of Obesity and Physical Inactivity
Risks Related to Substance Use Disorders
Risks Related to Sleep Alterations

PART 3: FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES

Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
Acid-Base Imbalances

PART 4: CELL INJURY, INFLAMMATION, AND ALTERATIONS OF CELL GROWTH AND REGULATION

Mechanisms of Cell Injury and Aging
Inflammation
Neoplasia

PART 5: INFECTION AND DISORDERS OF IMMUNITY

Mechanisms of Infection and Host Protection
Hypersensitivity and Autoimmune Disorders
Immunodeficiency Disorders
Disorders of White Blood Cells

PART 6: DISORDERS OF OXYGENATION

Restrictive Lung Disorders
Obstructive Lung Disorders
Neoplastic, Infectious, and Pulmonary Vascular Lung Disorders
Respiratory Failure
Disorders of Oxygen Transport

PART 7: DISORDERS OF PERFUSION

Alterations of Hemostasis
Vascular Disorders
Coronary Circulation Disorders
Cardiac Structural Disorders
Heart Failure
Disorders of Circulation within the Central Nervous System
Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

PART 8: DISORDERS OF MOOD AND COGNITION

Disorders of Emotional Regulation
Disorders of Neurodevelopment and Neurocognition

PART 9: DISORDERS OF SENSORY PERCEPTION AND THERMOREGULATION

Disorders of Hearing, Balance, and Vision
Pain, Neuropathy, and Headache
Disorders of Thermoregulation

PART 10: DISORDERS OF MOBILITY

Disorders Affecting Motor Function
Acute Musculoskeletal Disorders
Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders

PART 11: DISORDERS OF ENDOCRINE REGULATION

Diabetes Mellitus
Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders

PART 12: ALTERED TISSUE INTEGRITY

Tissue and Wound Healing
Acute Skin Disorders
Chronic Skin Disorders

PART 13: DISORDERS OF DIGESTION, METABOLISM, AND ELIMINATION

Disorders of the Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal System
Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Systems
Liver Failure
Disorders of Kidney and Urinary Tract Structure and Function
Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

PART 14: DISORDERS OF SEXUALITY AND REPRODUCTION

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Sexually Transmitted Infections

PART 15: TRAUMA AND MULTISYSTEM CONDITIONS

Mechanisms of Traumatic Injury
The Pathophysiology of Primary and Secondary Traumatic Injury
Biologic, Chemical, and Radiologic Agents of Disease
Pathophysiology at the End of Life