Atlas of Human Anatomy

Frank H. Netter was born in New York City in 1906. He studied art at the Art Students League and the National Academy of Design before entering medical school at New York University, where he received his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1931. During his student years, Dr. Netter's notebook sketches attracted the attention of the medical faculty and other physicians, allowing him to augment his income by illustrating articles and textbooks. He continued illustrating as a sideline after establishing a surgical practice in 1933, but he ultimately opted to give up his practice in favor of a full-time commitment to art. After service in the United States Army during World War II, Dr. Netter began his long collaboration with the CIBA Pharmaceutical Company (now Novartis Pharmaceuticals). This 45-year partnership resulted in the production of the extraordinary collection of medical art so familiar to physicians and other medical professionals worldwide. Icon Learning Systems acquired the Netter Collection in July 2000 and continued to update Dr. Netter's original paintings and to add newly commissioned paintings by artists trained in the style of Dr. Netter. In 2005, Elsevier Inc. purchased the Netter Collection and all publications from Icon Learning Systems. There are now over 50 publications featuring the art of Dr. Netter available through Elsevier Inc. Dr. Netter's works are among the finest examples of the use of illustration in the teaching of medical concepts. The 13-book Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations, which includes the greater part of the more than 20,000 paintings created by Dr. Netter, became and remains one of the most famous medical works ever published. The Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, first published in 1989, presents the anatomic paintings from the Netter Collection. Now translated into 16 languages, it is the anatomy atlas of choice among medical and health professions students the world over. The Netter illustrations are appreciated not only for their aesthetic qualities, but, more importantly, for their intellectual content. As Dr. Netter wrote in 1949 "clarification of a subject is the aim and goal of illustration. No matter how beautifully painted, how delicately and subtly rendered a subject may be, it is of little value as a medical illustration if it does not serve to make clear some medical point.” Dr. Netter's planning, conception, point of view, and approach are what inform his paintings and what make them so intellectually valuable. Frank H. Netter, MD, physician and artist, died in 1991.

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION PLATES 1-7

Introduction Plates 1-7

Plate 1 Body Planes and Terms of Relationship

Plate 2 Surface Anatomy: Regions (Anterior view of female)

Plate 3 Surface Anatomy: Regions (Posterior view of male)

Plate 4 Major Arteries and Pulses

Plate 5 Major Veins of the Cardiovascular System

Plate 6 General Organization of the Nervous System

Plate 7 Overview of the Lymphatic System

Electronic Bonus Plates BP1-BP16

Plate BP 1 Cross Section of Skin

Plate BP 2 Pilosebaceous Unit

Plate BP 3 Major Body Cavities

Plate BP 4 Skeletal System: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Plate BP 5 Types of Joints

Plate BP 6 Joints and Ligaments

Plate BP 7 Architecture of Bone

Plate BP 8 The Muscular System

Plate BP 9 Overview of the Gastrointestinal System

Plate BP 10 Overview of Endocrine System

Plate BP 11 Neurons and Synapses

Plate BP 12 Features of a Typical Peripheral Nerve

Plate BP 13 Sites of Visceral Referred Pain

Plate BP 14 General Organization of the Cardiovascular System

Plate BP 15 Cardiovascular System: Composition of Blood

Plate BP 16 Arterial and Venous Structures

SECTION 2 HEAD AND NECK PLATES 8-160

Surface Anatomy Plate 8

Plate 8 Head and Neck: Surface Anatomy

Superficial Head and Neck Plates 9-10

Plate 9 Cutaneous Nerves of Head and Neck

Plate 10 Superficial Arteries and Veins of Face and Scalp

Bones and Ligaments Plates 11-30

Plate 11 Skull: Anterior View

Plate 12 Skull: Radiographs

Plate 13 Skull: Lateral View

Plate 14 Skull: Lateral Radiograph

Plate 15 Skull: Midsagittal Section

Plate 16 Calvaria

Plate 17 Cranial Base: Inferior View

Plate 18 Cranial Base: Superior View

Plate 19 Foramina and Canals of Cranial Base: Inferior View

Plate 20 Foramina and Canals of Cranial Base: Superior View

Plate 21 Skull of Newborn

Plate 22 Bony Framework of Head and Neck

Plate 23 Pterygoid Fossae

Plate 24 Mandible

Plate 25 Temporomandibular Joint

Plate 26 Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas and Axis

Plate 27 Cervical Vertebrae (continued)

Plate 28 Cervical Vertebrae: Uncovertebral Joints

Plate 29 External Craniocervical Ligaments

Plate 30 Internal Craniocervical Ligaments

Neck Plates 31-41

Plate 31 Muscles of Facial Expression: Lateral View

Plate 32 Muscles of Neck: Anterior View

Plate 33 Fascial Layers of Neck

Plate 34 Cervical Fascia

Plate 35 Infrahyoid and Suprahyoid Muscles

Plate 36 Muscles of Neck: Lateral View

Plate 37 Scalene and Prevertebral Muscles

Plate 38 Superficial Veins and Cutaneous Nerves of Neck

Plate 39 Nerves and Vessels of Neck

Plate 40 Nerves and Vessels of Neck (continued)

Plate 41 Carotid Arteries

Nasal Region Plates 42-64

Plate 42 Nose

Plate 43 Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity

Plate 44 Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity (continued)

Plate 45 Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity (Nasal Septum)

Plate 46 Nerves of Nasal Cavity

Plate 47 Arteries of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up

Plate 48 Nerves of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up

Plate 49 Nose and Maxillary Sinus: Transverse Section

Plate 50 Paranasal Sinuses: Coronal and Transverse Sections

Plate 51 Paranasal Sinuses: Sagittal Views

Plate 52 Paranasal Sinuses: Changes with Age

Plate 53 Salivary Glands

Plate 54 Facial Nerve Branches and Parotid Gland

Plate 55 Muscles Involved in Mastication

Plate 56 Muscles Involved in Mastication (continued)

Plate 57 Maxillary Artery

Plate 58 Proximal Maxillary and Superficial Temporal Arteries

Plate 59 Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)

Plate 60 Superior View of Infratemporal Fossa

Plate 61 Ophthalmic (CN V1) and Maxillary (CN V2) Nerves

Plate 62 Autonomic Innervation of Nasal Cavity

Plate 63 Nerves and Arteries of the Deep Face

Plate 64 Orientation of Nerves and Vessels of the Cranial Base

Oral Region Plates 65-74

Plate 65 Inspection of Oral Cavity

Plate 66 Afferent Innervation of Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Plate 67 Roof of Oral Cavity

Plate 68 Tongue and Salivary Glands: Sections

Plate 69 Floor of Oral Cavity

Plate 70 Tongue

Plate 71 Tongue (continued)

Plate 72 Fauces

Plate 73 Teeth

Plate 74 Teeth (continued)

Pharynx Plates 75-86

Plate 75 Muscles of Pharynx: Partially Opened Posterior View

Plate 76 Posterior View of Pharynx: Nerves and Vessels

Plate 77 Pharynx: Medial View

Plate 78 Muscles of Pharynx: Medial View

Plate 79 Pharynx: Opened Posterior View

Plate 80 Pharyngoesophageal Junction

Plate 81 Muscles of Pharynx: Lateral View

Plate 82 Nerves of Oral Head and Neck Regions

Plate 83 Arteries of Oral and Pharyngeal Regions

Plate 84 Veins of Oral and Pharyngeal Regions

Plate 85 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Head and Neck

Plate 86 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pharynx and Tongue

Thyroid Gland and Larynx Plates 87-93

Plate 87 Thyroid Gland: Anterior View

Plate 88 Thyroid Gland and Pharynx: Posterior View

Plate 89 Parathyroid Glands

Plate 90 Cartilages of Larynx

Plate 91 Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

Plate 92 Nerves and Coronal Section of Larynx

Plate 93 Action of Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

Orbit and Contents Plates 94-104

Plate 94 Eyelids

Plate 95 Lacrimal Apparatus

Plate 96 Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Plate 97 Nerves of Orbit

Plate 98 Superior and Anterior View of Orbit

Plate 99 Arteries and Veins of Orbit and Eyelids

Plate 100 Eyeball: Transverse Section

Plate 101 Anterior and Posterior Chambers of Eyeball

Plate 102 Lens and Supporting Structures

Plate 103 Intrinsic Arteries and Veins of Eye

Plate 104 Vascular Supply of Eye

Ear Plates 105-110

Plate 105 Ear and Course of Sound in Cochlea

Plate 106 External Ear and Tympanic Cavity

Plate 107 Tympanic Cavity

Plate 108 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths

Plate 109 Bony and Membranous Labyrinths (continued)

Plate 110 Orientation of Labyrinths in Skull

Meninges and Brain Plates 111-126

Plate 111 Meninges and Diploic Veins

Plate 112 Meningeal Arteries

Plate 113 Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins

Plate 114 Dural Venous Sinuses: Sagittal Section

Plate 115 Dural Venous Sinuses (continued)

Plate 116 Brain: Lateral Views

Plate 117 Brain: Medial Views

Plate 118 Brain: Inferior View

Plate 119 Ventricles of Brain

Plate 120 Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Plate 121 Basal Nuclei (Ganglia)

Plate 122 Thalamus and Related Structures

Plate 123 Hippocampus and Fornix

Plate 124 Brainstem

Plate 125 Ventricles and Cerebellum

Plate 126 Cerebellum

Cranial and Cervical Nerves Plates 127-146

Plate 127 Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Brainstem: Schema

Plate 128 Cranial Nerve Nuclei in Brainstem: Schema (continued)

Plate 129 Cranial Nerves (Motor and Sensory Distribution): Schema

Plate 130 Olfactory Nerve (CN I): Schema

Plate 131 Optic Nerve (CN II) (Visual Pathway): Schema

Plate 132 Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV), and Abducent (CN VI) Nerves: Schema

Plate 133 Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): Schema

Plate 134 Facial Nerve (CN VII): Schema

Plate 135 Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII): Schema

Plate 136 Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX): Schema

Plate 137 Vagus Nerve (CN X): Schema

Plate 138 Accessory Nerve (CN XI): Schema

Plate 139 Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII): Schema

Plate 140 Cervical Plexus: Schema

Plate 141 Autonomic Nerves in Neck

Plate 142 Autonomic Nerves in Head

Plate 143 Ciliary Ganglion: Schema

Plate 144 Pterygopalatine and Submandibular Ganglia: Schema

Plate 145 Otic Ganglion: Schema

Plate 146 Taste Pathways: Schema

Cerebral Vasculature Plates 147-158

Plate 147 Arteries to Brain and Meninges

Plate 148 Internal Carotid Artery in Petrous Part of Temporal Bone

Plate 149 Arteries to Brain: Schema

Plate 150 Arteries of Brain: Inferior Views

Plate 151 Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

Plate 152 Arteries of Brain: Frontal View and Section

Plate 153 Arteries of Brain: Lateral and Medial Views

Plate 154 Arteries of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Plate 155 Veins of Posterior Cranial Fossa

Plate 156 Deep Veins of Brain

Plate 157 Subependymal Veins of Brain

Plate 158 Hypothalamus and Hypophysis

Regional Scans Plates 159-160

Plate 159 Cranial Imaging (MRV and MRA)

Plate 160 Cranial Imaging (MRI)

Electronic Bonus Plates Plates BP17-BP32

Plate BP17 3D Skull Reconstruction CTs

Plate BP18 Degenerative Changes in the Cervical Vertebrae

Plate BP19 Atlantooccipital Junction

Plate BP20 Muscles of Facial Expression: Anterior View

Plate BP21 Musculature of Face

Plate BP22 Paranasal Sinuses

Plate BP23 Subclavian Artery

Plate BP24 Opening of the Mandible

Plate BP25 Afferent Innervation of Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Plate BP26 Fasciae of Orbit and Eyeball

Plate BP27 Tympanic Cavity

Plate BP28 Anatomy of the Pediatric Ear

Plate BP29 Auditory Tube (Eustachian)

Plate BP30 Arteries and Veins of Hypothalamus and Hypophysis

Plate BP31 Cranial Imaging (MRV and MRA)

Plate BP32 MRI Brain

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 2-1 - Table 2-*

Muscle Tables Table 2-* - Table 2-*

SECTION 3 BACK AND SPINAL CORD PLATES 161-186

Surface Anatomy Plate 161

Plate 161 Back: Surface Anatomy

Bones and Ligaments Plates 162-168

Plate 162 Vertebral Column

Plate 163 Thoracic Vertebrae

Plate 164 Lumbar Vertebrae

Plate 165 Vertebrae: Radiology

Plate 166 Sacrum and Coccyx

Plate 167 Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbosacral Region

Plate 168 Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbar Region

Spinal Cord Plates 169-179

Plate 169 Spinal Cord and Anterior Rami

Plate 170 Relation of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae

Plate 171 Dermatomes

Plate 172 Sympathetic Nervous System: Schema

Plate 173 Parasympathetic Nervous System: Schema

Plate 174 Spinal Meninges and Nerve Roots

Plate 175 Spinal Nerve Origin: Cross Sections

Plate 176 Arteries of Spinal Cord: Schema

Plate 177 Arteries of Spinal Cord: Intrinsic Distribution

Plate 178 Veins of Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column

Plate 179 Veins of Vertebral Column: Vertebral Veins

Muscles and Nerves Plates 180-184

Plate 180 Muscles of Back: Superficial Layer

Plate 181 Muscles of Back: Intermediate Layer

Plate 182 Muscles of Back: Deep Layer

Plate 183 Nerves of Back

Plate 184 Suboccipital Triangle

Cross-Sectional Anatomy Plates 185-186

Plate 185 Lumbar Region of Back: Cross Section

Plate 186 Typical Thoracic Spinal Nerve: Cross Section

Electronic Bonus Plates Plates BP33-BP43

Plate BP33 Vertebral Ligaments

Plate BP34 Cervical Spine Radiographs

Plate BP35 Cervical Spine MRI and Radiograph

Plate BP36 Thoracolumbar Spine - Lateral Radiograph

Plate BP37 Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiographs

Plate BP38 Lumbar Spine - MRIs

Plate BP39 Sympathetic Nervous System: General Topography

Plate BP40 Parasympathetic Nervous System: General Topography

Plate BP41 Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses: Schema

Plate BP42 Vertebral Veins: Detail showing venous communications

Plate BP43 Spinal Cord Cross Sections: Fiber Tracts

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 3-1 - Table 3-*

Muscle Tables Table 3-* - Table 3-*

SECTION 4 THORAX PLATES 187-248

Surface Anatomy Plate 187

Plate 187 Thorax: Surface Anatomy

Mammary Gland Plates 188-191

Plate 188 Mammary Gland

Plate 189 Arteries of Mammary Gland

Plate 190 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Mammary Gland

Plate 191 Lymphatic Drainage of Breast

Body Wall Plates 192-201

Plate 192 Bony Framework of Thorax

Plate 193 Ribs and Associated Joints

Plate 194 Anterior Thoracic Wall

Plate 195 Anterior Thoracic Wall (continued)

Plate 196 Anterior Thoracic Wall: Internal View

Plate 197 Intercostal Nerves and Arteries

Plate 198 Veins of Internal Thoracic Wall

Plate 199 Phrenic Nerve

Plate 200 Respiratory Diaphragm: Thoracic Surface

Plate 201 Respiratory Diaphragm: Abdominal Surface

Lungs Plates 202-214

Plate 202 Topography of Lungs: Anterior View

Plate 203 Topography of Lungs: Posterior View

Plate 204 Lungs in Situ: Anterior View

Plate 205 Lungs: Medial Views

Plate 206 Bronchopulmonary Segments

Plate 207 Bronchopulmonary Segments (continued)

Plate 208 Trachea and Major Bronchi

Plate 209 Bronchi and Intrapulmonary Airways

Plate 210 Great Vessels of Superior Mediastinum

Plate 211 Bronchial Arteries and Veins

Plate 212 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lung

Plate 213 Autonomic Nerves of Thorax

Plate 214 Innervation of Tracheobronchial Tree: Schema

Heart Plates 215-233

Plate 215 Heart in Situ

Plate 216 Heart: Anterior Exposure

Plate 217 Radiology and Auscultation of Heart

Plate 218 Heart: Base and Diaphragmatic Surface

Plate 219 Pericardial Sac

Plate 220 Mediastinum: Cross Section

Plate 221 Thorax: Coronal Section of Heart, Ascending Aorta

Plate 222 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins

Plate 223 Coronary Arteries: Imaging

Plate 224 Right Atrium and Ventricle

Plate 225 Left Atrium and Ventricle

Plate 226 Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart

Plate 227 Valves and Fibrous Skeleton of Heart (continued)

Plate 228 Atria, Ventricles, and Interventricular Septum

Plate 229 Conducting System of Heart

Plate 230 Nerves of Thorax

Plate 231 Innervation of Heart: Schema

Plate 232 Innervation of Blood Vessels: Schema

Plate 233 Prenatal and Postnatal Circulation

Mediastinum Plates 234-243

Plate 234 Mediastinum: Right Lateral View

Plate 235 Mediastinum: Left Lateral View

Plate 236 Esophagus in Situ

Plate 237 Topography and Constrictions of Esophagus

Plate 238 Musculature of Esophagus

Plate 239 Esophagogastric Junction

Plate 240 Arteries of Esophagus

Plate 241 Veins of Esophagus

Plate 242 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Esophagus

Plate 243 Nerves of Esophagus

Regional Scans Plate 244

Plate 244 Chest Scans: Axial CT Images

Cross-Sectional Anatomy Plates 245-248

Plate 245 Cross Section of Thorax at T3 Level

Plate 246 Cross Section of Thorax at T3-4 Disc Level

Plate 247 Cross Section of Thorax at T4-5 Disc Level

Plate 248 Cross Section of Thorax at T7 Level

Electronic Bonus Plates Plates BP44-BP56

Plate BP44 The Respiratory System

Plate BP45 Cervical Ribs and Related Anomalies

Plate BP46 Muscle Attachments of Ribs

Plate BP47 Muscles of Respiration

Plate BP48 Intrapulmonary Airways: Schema

Plate BP49 Intrapulmonary Blood Circulation: Schema

Plate BP50 Gas Exchange

Plate BP51 Anterior Aspect of Heart

Plate BP52 Coronary Arteries: Right Anterior Oblique Views

Plate BP53 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Variations

Plate BP54 Intrinsic Nerves and Variations in Nerves of Esophagus

Plate BP55 Arteries of Esophagus: Variations

Plate BP56 Thorax: Coronal Section (Midaxillary Line, Tracheal Bifurcation, Left Atrium)

Plate BP57 Thorax - Coronal CTs

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 4-1 - Table 4-*

Muscle Tables Table 4-* - Table 4-*

SECTION 5 ABDOMEN PLATES 249-332

Surface Anatomy Plate 249

Plate 249 Abdomen: Surface Anatomy

Body Wall Plates 250-269

Plate 250 Bony Framework of Abdomen

Plate 251 Regions and Planes of Abdomen

Plate 252 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Superficial Dissection

Plate 253 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Intermediate Dissection

Plate 254 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Deep Dissection

Plate 255 Rectus Sheath: Cross Section

Plate 256 Anterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View

Plate 257 Posterolateral Abdominal Wall

Plate 258 Arteries of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 259 Veins of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 260 Nerves of Anterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 261 Thoracoabdominal Nerves

Plate 262 Inguinal Region: Dissections

Plate 263 Inguinal Canal and Spermatic Cord

Plate 264 Femoral Sheath and Inguinal Canal

Plate 265 Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View

Plate 266 Arteries of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 267 Veins of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 268 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Plate 269 Nerves of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Peritoneal Cavity Plates 270-275

Plate 270 Greater Omentum and Abdominal Viscera

Plate 271 Mesenteric Relations of Intestines

Plate 272 Mesenteric Relations of Intestines (continued)

Plate 273 Omental Bursa: Stomach Reflected

Plate 274 Omental Bursa: Cross Section

Plate 275 Peritoneum of Posterior Abdominal Wall

Viscera (Gut) Plates 276-283

Plate 276 Stomach in Situ

Plate 277 Mucosa of Stomach

Plate 278 Duodenum in Situ

Plate 279 Mucosa and Musculature of Small Intestine

Plate 280 Ileocecal Region

Plate 281 Ileocecal Region (continued)

Plate 282 (Vermiform) Appendix

Plate 283 Mucosa and Musculature of Large Intestine

Viscera (Accessory Organs) Plates 284-289

Plate 284 Surfaces and Bed of Liver

Plate 285 Liver in Situ: Vascular and Duct Systems

Plate 286 Liver Structure: Schema

Plate 287 Gallbladder, Extrahepatic Bile Ducts, and Pancreatic Duct

Plate 288 Pancreas in Situ

Plate 289 Spleen

Visceral Vasculature Plates 290-300

Plate 290 Arteries of Stomach, Liver, and Spleen

Plate 291 Arteries of Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum, and Spleen

Plate 292 Celiac Arteriogram and CT Angiogram

Plate 293 Arteries of Duodenum and Head of Pancreas

Plate 294 Arteries of Small Intestine

Plate 295 Arteries of Large Intestine

Plate 296 Veins of Stomach, Duodenum, Pancreas, and Spleen

Plate 297 Veins of Small Intestine

Plate 298 Veins of Large Intestine

Plate 299 Hepatic Portal Vein Tributaries: Portacaval Anastomoses

Plate 300 Autonomic Nerves and Ganglia

Innervation Plates 301-310

Plate 301 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum

Plate 302 Autonomic Innervation of Stomach and Duodenum (continued)

Plate 303 Autonomic Innervation of Esophagus, Stomach and Duodenum: Schema

Plate 304 Autonomic Innervation of Small Intestine

Plate 305 Autonomic Innervation of Large Intestine

Plate 306 Autonomic Innervation of Intestines: Schema

Plate 307 Autonomic Reflex Pathways: Schema

Plate 308 Enteric Plexuses of Intestine

Plate 309 Autonomic Innervation of Liver: Schema

Plate 310 Autonomic Innervation of Pancreas: Schema

Kidneys and Suprarenal Glands Plates 311-324

Plate 311 Kidneys in Situ: Anterior Views

Plate 312 Kidneys in Situ: Posterior Views

Plate 313 Renal Artery and Vein in Situ

Plate 314 Gross Structure of Kidney

Plate 315 Intrarenal Arteries and Renal Segments

Plate 316 Ureters in Abdomen and Pelvis

Plate 317 Arteries of Ureters and Urinary Bladder

Plate 318 Renal Fasciae

Plate 319 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Kidneys and Urinary Bladder

Plate 320 Autonomic Nerves of Kidneys, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder

Plate 321 Autonomic Innervation of Kidneys and Upper Ureters: Schema

Plate 322 Autonomic Nerves of Suprarenal Glands: Dissection and Schema

Plate 323 Arteries and Veins of Suprarenal Glands in Situ

Plate 324 Abdominal Wall and Viscera: Paramedian (Parasagittal) Section

Lymphatics Plate 325

Plate 325 Abdominal and Pelvic Lymphatics: Schema

Regional Scans Plates 326-327

Plate 326 Abdominal Scans: Axial CT Images

Plate 327 Abdominal Scans: Axial CT Images (continued)

Cross-Sectional Anatomy Plates 328-332

Plate 328 Cross Section at T10, Esophagogastric Junction

Plate 329 Cross Section at T12, Inferior to Xiphoid

Plate 330 Cross Section at T12-L1, Intervertebral Disc

Plate 331 Cross Section at L1-2, Intervertebral Disc

Plate 332 Cross Section at L3-4

Electronic Bonus Plates Plates BP58-BP87

Plate BP58 Inguinal and Femoral Regions

Plate BP59 Indirect Inguinal Hernia

Plate BP60 Variations in Position and Contour of Stomach in Relation to Body Habitus

Plate BP61 Layers of Duodenal Wall

Plate BP62 Appendix, MRCP, and Nerve Branches of Hepatic Artery

Plate BP63 Topography of Liver

Plate BP64 Variations in Form of Liver

Plate BP65 Sigmoid Colon: Variations in Position

Plate BP66 Variation in Posterior Peritoneal Attachment of Cecum

Plate BP67 Variations in Pancreatic Duct

Plate BP68 Variations in Cystic, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Ducts

Plate BP69 Variations in Cystic Arteries

Plate BP70 Variations in Hepatic Arteries

Plate BP71 Variations and Anomalies of Hepatic Portal Vein

Plate BP72 Variations in Celiac Trunk

Plate BP73 Variations in Colic Arteries - Part I

Plate BP74 Variations in Colic Arteries - Part II

Plate BP75 Variations in Renal Artery and Vein

Plate BP76 Histology of Renal Corpuscle

Plate BP77 Nephron and Collecting Tubule: Schema

Plate BP78 Blood Vessels in Parenchyma of Kidney: Schema

Plate BP79 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Stomach

Plate BP80 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pancreas

Plate BP81 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Small Intestine

Plate BP82 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Large Intestine

Plate BP83 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver

Plate BP84 Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at Middle T12

Plate BP85 Abdomen Transverse Section: Level of L5, Near Transtubercular Plane

Plate BP86 Abdomen Transverse Section: Level of S1, Anterior Superior Iliac Spines

Plate BP87 Axial CT of Upper Abdomen

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 5-1 - Table 5-*

Muscle Tables Table 5-* - Table 5-*

SECTION 6 PELVIS AND PERINEUM PLATES 333-401

Surface Anatomy Plate 333

Plate 333 Pelvis and Perineum: Surface Anatomy

Bones and Ligaments Plates 334-338

Plate 334 Bony Framework of Pelvis

Plate 335 Male and Female Pelvis: Radiographs

Plate 336 Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements

Plate 337 Bones and Ligaments of Pelvis

Plate 338 Bones and Ligaments of Pelvis (continued)

Pelvic Floor and Contents Plates 339-349

Plate 339 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female

Plate 340 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female (continued)

Plate 341 Pelvic Diaphragm: Female (continued)

Plate 342 Pelvic Diaphragm: Male

Plate 343 Pelvic Diaphragm: Male (continued)

Plate 344 Pelvic Contents: Female

Plate 345 Pelvic Viscera and Perineum: Female

Plate 346 Pelvic Viscera: Female

Plate 347 Endopelvic Fascia and Potential Spaces

Plate 348 Pelvic Contents: Male

Plate 349 Pelvic Viscera and Perineum: Male

Urinary Bladder Plates 350-352

Plate 350 Urinary Bladder: Orientation and Supports

Plate 351 Female Sphincters

Plate 352 Urinary Bladder: Female and Male

Uterus, Vagina, and Supporting Structures Plates 353-357

Plate 353 Uterus, Vagina, and Supporting Structures

Plate 354 Uterus: Fascial Ligaments

Plate 355 Uterus and Adnexa

Plate 356 Female Pelvic Relationships

Plate 357 Pelvic Ligaments

Perineum and External Genitalia: Female Plates 358-361

Plate 358 Female Perineum and External Genitalia (Pudendum or Vulva)

Plate 359 Female Perineum (Superficial Dissection)

Plate 360 Female Perineum and Deep Perineum

Plate 361 Female Perineal Spaces

Perineum and External Genitalia: Male Plates 362-369

Plate 362 Male Perineum and External Genitalia (Superficial Dissection)

Plate 363 Male Perineum and External Genitalia (Deeper Dissection)

Plate 364 Penis

Plate 365 Male Perineal Spaces

Plate 366 Prostate Gland and Seminal Vesicles

Plate 367 Urethra

Plate 368 Descent of Testis

Plate 369 Scrotum and Contents

Homologues of Genitalia Plates 370-371

Plate 370 Homologues of External Genitalia

Plate 371 Homologues of Internal Genitalia

Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens Plate 372

Plate 372 Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens

Rectum Plates 373-378

Plate 373 Rectum in Situ: Female and Male

Plate 374 Ischioanal Fossae

Plate 375 Rectum and Anal Canal

Plate 376 Anorectal Musculature

Plate 377 External Anal Sphincter Muscle: Perineal Views

Plate 378 Actual and Potential Perineopelvic Spaces

Regional Scan Plate 379

Plate 379 Pelvic Scans: Sagittal T2 MRIs

Vasculature Plates 380-390

Plate 380 Arteries of Rectum and Anal Canal: Male Posterior View

Plate 381 Veins of Rectum and Anal Canal: Female Anterior View

Plate 382 Arteries and Veins of Pelvic Organs: Female Anterior View

Plate 383 Arteries and Veins of Testis: Anterior View

Plate 384 Arteries of Pelvis: Female

Plate 385 Arteries and Veins Pelvis: Male

Plate 386 Arteries and Veins of Perineum and Uterus

Plate 387 Arteries and Veins of Perineum: Male

Plate 388 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pelvis and Genitalia: Female

Plate 389 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Perineum: Female

Plate 390 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Pelvis and Genitalia: Male

Innervation Plates 391-399

Plate 391 Nerves of External Genitalia: Male

Plate 392 Nerves of Pelvic Viscera: Male

Plate 393 Nerves of Perineum: Male

Plate 394 Nerves of Pelvic Viscera: Female

Plate 395 Nerves of Perineum and External Genitalia: Female

Plate 396 Neuropathways in Parturition

Plate 397 Innervation of Female Reproductive Organs: Schema

Plate 398 Innervation of Male Reproductive Organs: Schema

Plate 399 Innervation of Urinary Bladder and Lower Ureter: Schema

Cross-Sectional Anatomy Plates 400-401

Plate 400 Male Pelvis: Cross Section of Bladder-Prostate Gland Junction

Plate 401 Female Pelvis: Cross Section of Vagina-Urethra

Electronic Bonus Plates BP88-BP98

Plate BP88 Fasciae of the Male and Female Pelvis and Perineum

Plate BP89 Male and Female Cystourethrograms

Plate BP90 Female Urethra

Plate BP91 Genetics of Reproduction

Plate BP92 Menstrual Cycle

Plate BP93 Testes

Plate BP94 Uterine Development

Plate BP95 Ovary, Ova and Follicles

Plate BP96 Variations in Hymen

Plate BP97 Cross Section Through Prostate

Plate BP98 Arteries and Veins of Pelvis: Male

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 6-1 - Table 6-*

Muscle Tables Table 6-* - Table 6-*

SECTION 7 UPPER LIMB PLATES 402-470

Surface Anatomy Plate 402

Plate 402 Upper Limb: Surface Anatomy

Cutaneous Anatomy Plates 403-407

Plate 403 Dermatomes of Upper Limb and Segmental Function

Plate 404 Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb

Plate 405 Cutaneous Nerves and Superficial Veins of Proximal Upper Limb

Plate 406 Cutaneous Nerves and Superficial Veins of Forearm and Hand

Plate 407 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Upper Limb

Shoulder and Axilla Plate 408-420

Plate 408 Clavicle and Sternoclavicular Joint

Plate 409 Humerus and Scapula: Anterior Views

Plate 410 Humerus and Scapula: Posterior Views

Plate 411 Shoulder: Anteroposterior Radiograph

Plate 412 Shoulder (Glenohumeral Joint)

Plate 413 Muscles of Shoulder

Plate 414 Axilla: Posterior Wall

Plate 415 Muscles of Rotator Cuff

Plate 416 Pectoral, Clavipectoral, and Axillary Fasciae

Plate 417 Scapulothoracic and Scapulohumeral Dissection

Plate 418 Axillary Artery and Anastomoses around Scapula

Plate 419 Axilla (Dissection): Anterior View

Plate 420 Brachial Plexus: Schema

Arm Plates 421-425

Plate 421 Muscles of Arm: Anterior Views

Plate 422 Muscles of Arm: Posterior Views

Plate 423 Brachial Artery in Situ

Plate 424 Arteries of Arm and Proximal Forearm

Plate 425 Arm: Serial Cross Sections

Elbow and Forearm Plates 426-441

Plate 426 Bones of Elbow

Plate 427 Elbow: Radiographs

Plate 428 Ligaments of Elbow

Plate 429 Bones of Forearm

Plate 430 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Rotators of Radius

Plate 431 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Extensors of Wrist and Digits

Plate 432 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Wrist

Plate 433 Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Digits

Plate 434 Muscles of Forearm (Superficial Layer): Posterior View

Plate 435 Muscles of Forearm (Deep Layer): Posterior View

Plate 436 Muscles of Forearm (Superficial Layer): Anterior View

Plate 437 Muscles of Forearm (Intermediate Layer): Anterior View

Plate 438 Muscles of Forearm (Deep Layer): Anterior View

Plate 439 Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Anterior View

Plate 440 Attachments of Muscles of Forearm: Posterior View

Plate 441 Forearm: Serial Cross Sections, Anterior View

Wrist and Hand Plates 442-461

Plate 442 Carpal Bones

Plate 443 Movements of Wrist

Plate 444 Ligaments of Wrist

Plate 445 Ligaments of Wrist (continued)

Plate 446 Bones of Wrist and Hand

Plate 447 Wrist and Hand: Radiographs

Plate 448 Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Ligaments

Plate 449 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Palmar Dissections

Plate 450 Wrist and Hand: Deeper Palmar Dissections

Plate 451 Lumbrical Muscles and Bursae, Spaces, and Sheaths: Schema

Plate 452 Flexor Tendons, Arteries, and Nerves at Wrist

Plate 453 Bursae, Spaces, and Tendon Sheaths of Hand

Plate 454 Flexor and Extensor Tendons in Fingers

Plate 455 Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

Plate 456 Arteries and Nerves of Hand: Palmar Views

Plate 457 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Radial Dissection

Plate 458 Wrist and Hand: Superficial Dorsal Dissection

Plate 459 Nerves and Arteries of Dorsal Hand and Wrist

Plate 460 Extensor Tendons at Wrist

Plate 461 Fingers

Neurovasculature Plates 462-469

Plate 462 Cutaneous Innervation of Wrist and Hand

Plate 463 Arteries and Nerves of Upper Limb: Anterior View

Plate 464 Nerves of Upper Limb

Plate 465 Musculocutaneous Nerve: Anterior View

Plate 466 Median Nerve

Plate 467 Ulnar Nerve

Plate 468 Radial Nerve in Arm and Nerves of Posterior Shoulder: Posterior View

Plate 469 Radial Nerve in Forearm and Hand

Regional Scan Plate 470

Plate 470 Shoulder MRI, CT Scan, and Arthrogram

Electronic Bonus Plates BP99-BP106

Plate BP99 Veins of Upper Limb

Plate BP100 Arteries of Arm and Proximal Forearm

Plate BP101 Arteries of Forearm

Plate BP102 Ligaments of Wrist

Plate BP103 Flexor and Extensor Zones of Hand

Plate BP104 Section Through Metacarpal and Distal Carpal Bones

Plate BP105 Cross Section of the Hand: Axial View

Plate BP106 Cross Section of the Hand: Axial View (Continued)

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 7-1 - Table 7-*

Muscle Tables Table 7-* - Table 7-*

SECTION 8 LOWER LIMB PLATES 471-535

Surface Anatomy Plate 471

Plate 471 Lower Limb: Surface Anatomy

Cutaneous Anatomy Plates 472-475

Plate 472 Dermatomes of Lower Limb and Segemntal Function

Plate 473 Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Anterior View

Plate 474 Superficial Nerves and Veins of Lower Limb: Posterior View

Plate 475 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb

Hip and Thigh Plates 476-496

Plate 476 Coxal Bone

Plate 477 Hip Joint

Plate 478 Hip Joint: Anteroposterior Radiograph

Plate 479 Femur

Plate 480 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Anterior View

Plate 481 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior View

Plate 482 Muscles of Thigh: Anterior Views

Plate 483 Muscles of Thigh: Anterior Views (continued)

Plate 484 Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Lateral View

Plate 485 Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior Views

Plate 486 Psoas and Iliacus Muscles

Plate 487 Lumbosacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

Plate 488 Lumbar Plexus

Plate 489 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

Plate 490 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views

Plate 491 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views (continued)

Plate 492 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Posterior View

Plate 493 Nerves of Hip and Buttock

Plate 494 Hip Bursa: Posterior and Anteriolateral Views

Plate 495 Arteries of Femoral Head and Neck

Plate 496 Thigh: Serial Cross Sections

Knee Plates 497-503

Plate 497 Knee: Medial and Lateral Views

Plate 498 Knee: Anterior Views

Plate 499 Knee: Interior Views

Plate 500 Knee: Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments

Plate 501 Knee: Anteroposterior Radiograph and Posterior View

Plate 502 Knee: Posterior and Sagittal Views

Plate 503 Arteries of Thigh and Knee: Schema

Leg Plates 504-514

Plate 504 Tibia and Fibula

Plate 505 Tibia and Fibula (continued)

Plate 506 Attachments of Muscles of Leg

Plate 507 Muscles of Leg (Superficial Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 508 Muscles of Leg (Intermediate Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 509 Muscles of Leg (Deep Dissection): Posterior View

Plate 510 Muscles of Leg: Lateral View

Plate 511 Muscles of Leg (Superficial Dissection): Anterior View

Plate 512 Muscles of Leg (Deep Dissection): Anterior View

Plate 513 Venous Drainage of Leg

Plate 514 Leg: Cross Sections and Fascial Compartments

Ankle and Foot Plates 515-528

Plate 515 Bones of Foot

Plate 516 Bones of Foot (continued)

Plate 517 Calcaneus

Plate 518 Ligaments and Tendons of Ankle

Plate 519 Ligaments and Tendons of Foot: Plantar View

Plate 520 Tendon Sheaths of Ankle

Plate 521 Muscles of Dorsum of Foot: Superficial Dissection

Plate 522 Dorsum of Foot: Deep Dissection

Plate 523 Plantar Region of Foot: Superficial Dissection

Plate 524 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: First Layer

Plate 525 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: Second Layer

Plate 526 Muscles of Plantar Region of Foot: Third Layer

Plate 527 Interosseous Muscles and Deep Arteries of Foot

Plate 528 Interosseous Muscles of Foot

Neurovasculature Plates 529-533

Plate 529 Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Plate 530 Obturator Nerve

Plate 531 Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

Plate 532 Tibial Nerve

Plate 533 Common Fibular Nerve

Regional Scans Plates 534-535

Plate 534 Hip Radiograph, Arthrogram, and MRI

Plate 535 Ankle: Radiographs

Electronic Bonus Plates Plates BP107-BP118

Plate BP107 Veins of Lower Limb

Plate BP108 Arteries of Thigh and Knee

Plate BP109 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Axial View

Plate BP110 Arteries of Lower Leg

Plate BP111 Leg: Serial Cross Sections

Plate BP112 Osteology of the Knee

Plate BP113 Knee Radiograph: Lateral View

Plate BP114 Synovial Joint

Plate BP115 Anatomy of the Foot: Nerves and Arteries

Plate BP116 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot

Plate BP117 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot (Continued)

Plate BP118 Anatomy of the Toenail

Structures with High Clinical Significance Table 8-1 - Table 8-*

Muscle Tables Table 8-* - Table 8 -*

REFERENCES

INDEX