History of Human Genetics (eBook)

Heike I. Petermann studied history and German literature at the Friedrich Alexander University in Erlangen. Her two main fields of interests are the history of anaesthesiology and the history human genetics. Since 2000 she has been secretary of the DGAI’s Arbeitskreis für Geschichte der Anästhesie. She was also member of editorial office of 55 years German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Tradition and Innovation. In 2011 she started her own research project on the history of human genetics, funded by the DFG.  She has also been involved in organising international conferences.Peter S. Harper was born in Barnstaple, UK, and was educated at Oxford University, with medical training in London. After clinical posts in neurology and paediatrics he entered the field of medical genetics and worked first in Liverpool with Cyril Clarke and then as research fellow with Victor McKusick at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore. After completing his doctoral thesis, in 1971 he founded and developed a medical genetics institute at the School of Medicine in Cardiff, Wales, where he continued his research on myotonic dystrophy, together with research on Huntington's disease and other neurogenetic disorders.His work has made a major contribution to our understanding of these and other disorders; he also developed a comprehensive medical genetics service for Wales. His many publications include Practical Genetic Counselling, which is now in its 7th edition and has been translated into numerous languages.In the past 15 years he has focused on documenting and preserving the history of human and medical genetics, founding the “Genetics and Medicine Historical Network” and publishing a number of books with a historical theme, including A Short History of Medical Genetics(2008).Susanne Doetz studied medicine at the Humboldt Universität/Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin. She is a visiting scientist at the Institute of History of Medicine and Ethics in Medicine at the Charité in Berlin. Her research interests include the history of medicine during the time of National Socialism, and the history of eugenics and human genetics. Her current research project is titled “Establishing genetic counselling in the GDR in the area of conflict between science, politics and the public”, and is supported by the DFG (German Research Foundation).    

Introduction Heike I. Petermann, Peter S. Harper, and Susanne DoetzPart I Workshops on the History of Human GeneticsThe International Workshops on Genetics, Medicine and History:An Overview, 2003–2015Peter S. Harper and Heike I. PetermannPart II Beginning of Human GeneticsAncestral Concepts of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicinein Epicurean Philosophy Christos YapijakisBateson and the Doctors: The Introduction of Mendelian Geneticsto the British Medical Community 1900–1910Alan R. RushtonPart III Genetics and MedicinePedigrees and Prejudices: Pre-WWII Inherited Disease Classificationat the US Eugenics Record OfficePhilip K. WilsonAldred Scott Warthin’s Family ‘G’: The American Plot Against Cancerand Heredity (1895–1940)Toine PietersGenetic Discrimination in the Doctoring of Cancer and Alcoholism Stephen Snelders, Charles D. Kaplan, Frans J. Meijman, and Toine PietersThe Genomization of Biology: CounterbalancingRadical ReductionismRicardo Noguera-Solano, Rosaura Ruiz-Gutierrez,and Juan Manuel Rodriguez-CasoA Brief History of Uncertainty in Medical Genetics and Genomics Reed E. PyeritzPart IV Countries“Nature’s Laboratories of Human Genetics”: Alpine Isolates,Hereditary Diseases and Medical Genetic Fieldwork, 1920–1970Pascal GermannSome Thoughts on Genetics and Politics. The HistoricalMisrepresentation of Scandinavian Eugenics and SterilizationNils Roll-HansenChanging the Point of View: The History of Human Genetics as anApplied Science in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1945–1975Heike I. PetermannHerbert Bach (1926–1996): One of the Pioneers of Human Geneticsin East Germany (GDR) J€org PittelkowConcise History of Prenatal Diagnostic Service in RussiaVladislav S. BaranovFoundation of the International Federation of Human Genetic Societies:The Catalyst Karen BirminghamPart V Gene MappingThe First Human Genetic Map 1936Alan R. RushtonGlasgow Contributions to Human Gene MappingMalcolm A. Ferguson-SmithHuman Gene Mapping: The Mass Media Iconography of the HumanGenome Project in the Most Popular Greek NewspapersConstantinos MorfakisPart VI Narrated HistoryNational Human Genome Research Institute History of GenomicsOral History Program: An Example of “Triangulation”Christopher DonohueNarrating Genes: How Patients with Chronic Inflammatory BowelDiseases Interpret an Emerging Disease Aetiology and How We CanMake Sense Out of It by Developing a Historically and SociologicallyInformed FrameworkDana MahrPart VII Genetic CounsellingThe Establishment of Genetic Counselling in Sweden: 1940–1980Maria Bj€orkman and Anna TunlidCounselling, Risk and Prevention in Human Genetic Early Diagnosisin the Federal Republic of GermanyBirgit Nemec and Gabriele Moser“The Happiness of the Individual Is of Primary Importance”:Genetic Counselling in the GDRSusanne DoetzRemarks on the History of Genetic Counselling in Czechoslovakia,1945–1990Michal V. SimunekThe Establishment of Human Genetic Counselling in Austria in the1970s in Between the Establishment of Human Genetics and theEugenic Indication of AbortionKatja Geiger and Thomas MayerGenetic Counselling in Belgium: The Centre for Human Geneticsat the University of Leuven, 1960–1990Joris VandendriesscheGenetic Counselling for Mediterranean Anaemia in Post-war GreeceAlexandra BarmpoutiKaryotyping and the Emergence of Genetic Counselling in Mexicoin the 1960sAna BarahonaNewborn Screening on the Cusp of Genetic Screening: From Solidarityin Public Health to Personal CounsellingMargherita Brusa and Michael Y. BarilanFeminist Criticism of Genetic Counselling in the Second Halfof the Twentieth CenturyShachar ZuckermanThe Evolving Concept of Non-directiveness in Genetic CounsellingAngus ClarkeA Comparative and Social History of Genetic Counselling?Jean-Paul Gaudilliere