Consulting Editor

LEE A. FLEISHER, MD, FACC, FAHA,     Robert D. Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Professor of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Editors

ALAN JAY SCHWARTZ, MD, MSEd,     Director of Education & Program Director, Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellowship, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

DEAN B. ANDROPOULOS, MD, MHCM,     Chief of Anesthesiology, Texas Children's Hospital; Professor, Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

ANDREW DAVIDSON, MBBS, MD, FANZCA,     Associate Professor, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Authors

RICHARD J. BANCHS, MD,     Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology (MC515), University of Illinois Medical Center, Children’s Hospital University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois

DAVID BUCK, MD, MBA,     Advanced Fellow Quality Improvement and Safety, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio

KATRIN CAMPBELL, MD,     Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Director, Division of Sedation, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

NICHOLAS P. CARLING, MD,     Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology; Director of Neuroanesthesia, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

NICHOLAS M. DALESIO, MD,     Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

SABINA DICINDIO, DO,     Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

JOHN E. FIADJOE, MD,     Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

ROBERT H. FRIESEN, MD,     Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado

CHRIS D. GLOVER, MD,     Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology; Director of the Acute Pain Service, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

C. DEAN KURTH, MD,     Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

MARY LANDRIGAN-OSSAR, MD, PhD,     Senior Associate in Perioperative Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Instructor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

GREGORY J. LATHAM, MD,     Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

JERROLD LERMAN, MD, FRCPC, FANZCA,     Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia, Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, SUNY at Buffalo, Bufffalo; Department of Anesthesia, Strong Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York

ERICA P. LIN, MD, FAAP,     Assistant Professor of Clinical Anesthesia & Pediatrics, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

ANDREAS W. LOEPKE, MD, PhD, FAAP,     Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesia & Pediatrics, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio

JAGROOP MAVI, MD,     Assistant Professor, Clinical Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

CRAIG D. MCCLAIN, MD, MPH,     Senior Associate in Perioperative Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Assistant Professor of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

DAVID L. MOORE, MD,     Associate Professor, Clinical Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio

AMOD SAWARDEKAR, MD,     Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

DEBORAH A. SCHWENGEL, MD,     Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

RAVI SHAH, MD,     Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

SULPICIO G. SORIANO, MD, FAAP,     Professor of Anaesthesia, Endowed Chair in Pediatric Neuroanesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

STEPHEN STAYER, MD,     Professor of Anesthesiology and Pediatrics, Medical Director of Perioperative Services, Associate Chief, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

TRACEY L. STIERER, MD,     Assistant Professor, Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

PAUL A. STRICKER, MD,     Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

SANTHANAM SURESH, MD, FAAP,     Anesthesiologist-in Chief, Professor of Anesthesiology & Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

MICHAEL SURY, MB, BS, FRCA, PhD,     Department of Anaesthesia, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom

MARY C. THEROUX, MD,     Pediatric Anesthesiologist and Director of Research, Anesthesiology Division, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware; Professor of Anesthesiology and...