Anesthesiology Review

PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES- 1Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation 2Factors Affecting Pulmonary Compliance and Airway Resistance 3Effect of Surfactant on Lung Mechanics 4Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion 5Clinical Implications of the Alveolar Gas Equation 6Measurement and Implications of Qs/Qt 7Oxygen Transport 8Carbon Dioxide Dissociation Curve 9Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases 10Blood Gas Temperature Correction 11Central Regulation of Ventilation 12Physiologic Effects of Hyper-and Hypocarbia 13Sodium 14Potassium 15Calcium 16 Electrolyte Abnormalities: Magnesium 17Cardiac Cycle: Control and Synchronicity 18Physiologic Determinants of Cardiac Output 19Myocardial Oxygen Supply and Demand 20Monitoring Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation 21Pulmonary Hypertension 22 Bradyarrhythmias 23 Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias 24 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 25Factors Affecting Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Autoregulation 26Anesthetic Agents and the Electroencephalogram 27Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring 28Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission 29Endocrine Factors Affecting Neuromuscular Block 30The Sympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 31The Parasympathetic Nervous System: Anatomy and Receptor Pharmacology 32Mechanisms of Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Excretion 33Hepatic Physiology and Preoperative Evaluation 34Renal Physiology 35Renal Function Tests 36 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Restrictive Lung Disease 37Preparation for Anesthesia: Tobacco and Caffeine Withdrawal 38 Thermoregulation and Perioperative Hypothermia 39Molecular and Celluar Mechanisms of Anesthesia 40Cardiovascular Effects of the Inhalation Agents 41Central Nervous System Effects of the Inhalation Agents 42Renal Effects of the Inhalation Agents 43Hepatic Effects of the Inhalation Agents 44Nitrous Oxide 45Factors Affecting Anesthetic Gas Uptake 46Minimum Alveolar Concentration 47Effect of Cardiac Shunts on Inhalation Induction 48Concentration Effect and Second Gas Effect 49Thiopental 50Propofol 51Ketamine 52Opioid Pharmacology 53 Cardiovascular Effects of Narcotics 54Perioperative Narcotic Problems: Muscle Rigidity and Biliary Colic 55 Nonsteroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs 56Succinylcholine Side Effects 57Prolongation of Succinylcholine Effect 58 Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 59NonRelaxant Side Effects of Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants 60Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine and Edrophonium 61Atropine, Scopolamine, and Glycopyrrolate Pharmacology 62Sodium Bicarbonate 63Vasopressors and Inotropes 64Nitroglycerin 65Sodium Nitroprusside 66Deliberate Hypotension 67Calcium Channel Blockers 68Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Anesthesia 69Benzodiazepenes 70Antiemetic Agents 71Anti-Aspiration Drugs 72Diuretics 73Bronchodilators 74Effects of pKa, pH, and Protein Binding 75Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions PHYSICAL SCIENCES 76Coronary Circulation and the Myocardial Conduction System 77Cerebral Circulation 78Anatomy of the Posterior Fossa 79Spinal Cord Anatomy and Blood Supply 80The Autonomic Nervous System 81Central Venous Cannulation: Anatomy and Complications 82Anatomy of the Larynx 83Brachial Plexus Anatomy 84Transesophageal Echocardiography: Anatomical Considerations 85Transesophageal Echocardiography: Intraoperative Uses 86Medical Gas Cylinders: Physics, Handling Safety, Pin Indexing 87Flowmeters: Physics of Gas Flow 88Vaporizers 89Closed-Circuit Anesthesia 90Carbon Dioxide Absorption 91Causes of Carbon Dioxide Retention in Anesthetic Breathing Systems 92Capnography 93Disconnect Monitors 94Pulse Oximetry 95Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 96Direct Arterial Pressure Monitoring 97Pitfalls of Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring 98Effect of Cardiac Function on Central Venous Pressure 99Factors Affecting Thermodilution Cardiac Output 100Hemodynamic Monitoring for Patients with COPD 101Line Isolation Monitors: Leakage Currents 102Microshock Hazards 103Laser Combustion 104Physics and Physiology of Neuromuscular Monitoring CLINICAL SCIENCES 105Preemptive Anesthesia and Perioperative Pain Control 106Patient-Controlled Analgesia 107Epidural Steroid Injection 108Pain Therapy for Patients with Cancer 109 Neuraxial Opioids 110Celiac Plexus Block 111 Lumbar Sympathetic Block 112Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy 113Posterpetic Neuralgia 114 Stellate Ganglion Block 115Postoperative Headache 116Local Anesthetic: Mechanisms of Action 117Local Anesthetic Pharmacology 118Toxicity of Local Anesthetics 119Local Anesthetic Preservatives 120Cocaine Pharmacology 121Spinal Anesthesia 122Epidural Anesthesia 123Combined Spinal-Epidural Blockade 124 Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation 125 Upper Extremity Blocks 126Lower Extremity Blocks 127Lower Extremity Block: Psoas Compartment Block 128 Nerve Block at the Ankle 129Retrobulbar Blocks 130Regional Anesthesia and Pain Relief in Children 131 Bronchopleural Fistula 132Pneumo-, Hemo-, and Chylothorax 133Double-Lumen Endotracheal Tubes 134One-Lung Ventilation and Methods of Improving Oxygenation 135High Frequency Ventilation 136Preoperative Evaluation of the Patient with Cardiac Disease 137 Pacemakers 138 Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrilator 139 Detection and Treatment of Perioperative Acute Coronary Syndromes 140 Anticoagulation and Reversal for Cardiopulmonary Bypass 141 Evaluation of the Coagulation System 142Causes of Intraoperative Bradycardia 143Aortic Stenosis 144Heart Failure:Classification, Compensation, and Therapy 145Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology 146Congenital Heart Disease: Congestive Heart Failure 147Anesthesia for Patient Ductus Arteriosus and Other Neonatal Cardiovascular Problems 148Cardiopulmonary Bypass 149 Anesthesia for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Procedures 150 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass and Minimally Invansive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass 151 Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump 152Increased Intracranial Pressure 153Anesthesia for Hypophysectomy 154Carotid Endarterectomy 155Cerebral Aneurysm Surgery 156Cerebral Protection 157 Anesthesia for the Sitting Position 158Physiology and Treatment of Venous Air Embolism 159 Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury 160Autonomic Hyperreflexia 161Prematurity: Anesthetic Risks 162The Infant Adult Airway Versus the Adult Airway 163Congenital Pediatric Airway Problems 164Effects of High Maternal Oxygen Concentrations on the Fetus 165Fluid Management in Infants 166Meconium Aspiration 167Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia 168Other Neonatal Emergencies: Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Omphalocele 169Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders 170Pyloric Stenosis 171VATER Association and Trisomy- 21 172Croup Versus Epiglottitis 173Neuromuscular Blockers in Neonates 174Pediatric Breathing Circuits 175Maternal Physiologic Changes in Pregnancy 176 Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy 177 Anesthesia for the Patient With Preeclampsia 178Maternal Diabetes: Neonatal Effects 179The Pregnant Patient with Cardiac Disease 180Drugs Affecting the Uterus: Tocolytics and Oxytocics 181 Analgesia for Labor 182Fetal Monitoring 183Anesthesia for Cesarean Section 184 Neonatal Resuscitation 185Peripartum Hemorrhage 186Type, Screen, and Crossmatch, and Emergency Blood Group Switching 187Red Blood Cell Transfusion 188Massive Transfusion 189Infectious Transfusion Risks 190 Occupational Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens 191 Autotransfusion 192Indications and Risks of Platelet Transfusion 193Albumin, Hetastarch, and Pentastarch 194Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reactions 195Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions 196Sickle Cell Anemia: Anesthetic Implications 197Issues in Ambulatory Anesthesia 198 Positioning 199 Management of the Difficult Airway 200Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 201Anticholinesterase and Anticholinergic Poisoning 202Malignant Hyperthermia 203Myastenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 204Anesthesia for Myotonic Dystrophy 205Anesthesia for Patients with Epilepsy 206Morbid Obesity and Anesthesia 207Anesthetic Implications of Thyroid Storm 208Anesthesia for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure 209Anesthesia for Patients with Carcinoid Tumors 210 Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithrotripsy 211 Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery 212 Anesthesia for Brochoscopy 213 Anesthesia for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus 214Hyperosmolar Coma 215Anesthesia for Patients with Hepatocellular Disease 216Acute and Chronic Alcoholism and Anesthesia 217Anesthesia for Liver Transplantation 218 Anesthesia for Tubal Ligation 219Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate 220Anesthesia for Electroconvulsive Therapy 221Anesthesia for MRI 222 Strabismus Surgery 223Oculocardiac Reflex 224Anesthesia for Drug Abusers 225Chemical Dependency in Anesthesia Personnel 226Medical Ethics 227Awareness Under Anesthesia 228Eye Complications 229Complications of Endotracheal Intubation 230Pulmonary Embolism: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment 231Intraoperative Wheezing: Etiology and Treatment 232Evaluation of Prolonged Postoperative Arousal 233Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 234Latex Allergy 235 Medical Legal Principles: Medical Negligence 236 Periopreative Pulmonary Aspiration 237 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Upper Extremities 238 Perioperative Neuropathies in the Lower Extremities