Tissue Oxygenation in Acute Medicine

Physiology of Oxygen Delivery.- Role of the Cardiorespiratory System in Delivering Oxygen.- Intraorgan Heterogeneity of Blood Flow, Oxygen Consumption and Tissue Oxygenation.- The Microcirculation and Tissue Oxygenation.- Oxygen Distribution and Consumption by the Microcirculation and the Determinants of Tissue Survival.- Oxygen Signaling Cascades in Mammalian Cells.- Hypoxia and Its Consequences.- Hypoxic Hypoxia.- Circulatory Hypoxia.- Anemic Hypoxia.- Cytopathic Hypoxia: Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Potential Mechanism Contributing to Organ Failure in Sepsis.- Poly (ADP-ribose) Synthetase Activation in Circulatory Shock.- Cellular Responses to Hypoxia: Possible Relevance to Multiple Organ Failure in Critical Illness?.- The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition.- Measuring Tissue Oxygenation.- The Available Clinical Tools - Oxygen-Derived Variables, Lactate, and pHi.- Microcirculatory Flows, Microcirculatory Responsiveness, Microcirculatory and Regional (Arteriolar/Venular) O2 Saturations.- Monitoring the Systemic Circulation in Sepsis with Microelectrodes.- Oxygen Electrodes, Optode Microsensing, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Spectrophotometry.- Blood and Blood Substitutes as Oxygen Carriers.- The Optimal and Critical Hemoglobin in Health and Acute Illness.- Hemoglobin-Based Artificial Oxygen Carriers (HBOC): Classification and Historical Overview.- Hemoglobin Solutions: Effects on Tissue Oxygenation.- Effect of Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin on Systemic and Regional Blood Circulation.- Blood Substitutes - Effects on the Microcirculation.- Perfluorocarbons as Oxygen Carriers.- Serum-Free Hemoglobin Increases Tumor Necrosis Factor Synthesis and Lipopolysaccharide Lethality.- Enhancement of Tissue Oxygenation by Intracellular Introduction of InositolHexaphosphate by Flow Electroporation of Red Blood Cells.