Park's Pediatric Cardiology for Practitioners

Part I Basic Tools in Routine Evaluation of Cardiac Patients

Chapter 1

* History Taking * Gestational and Natal History * Postnatal History * Family History

Chapter 2

* Physical Examination * Growth Pattern * Inspection * Palpation* Blood Pressure Measurement * Auscultation * Some Special Features of the Cardiac Examination of Neonates

Chapter 3

* Electrocardiography * What Is the Vectorial Approach? * Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Electrocardiograms * Basic Measurements and Their Normal and Abnormal Values Necessary for Routine Interpretation of an Electrocardiogram * Ventricular Hypertrophy * Ventricular Conduction Disturbances * ST-Segment and T-Wave Changes

Chapter 4

* Chest Roentgenography * Heart Size and Silhouette * Evaluation of Cardiac Chambers and Great Arteries * Pulmonary Vascular Markings * Systematic Approach

Chapter 5

* Flow Diagrams

Part II Special Tools in Evaluation of Cardiac Patients

Chapter 6

* Noninvasive Techniques * Echocardiography * Stress Testing * Long-Term ECG Recording * Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

Chapter 7

* Invasive Procedures * Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography* Catheter Intervention Procedures

Part III Pathophysiology

Chapter 8

* Fetal and Perinatal Circulation * Fetal Circulation * Changes in Circulation after Birth * Premature Newborns

Chapter 9

* Pathophysiology of Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect* Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Endocardial Cushion Defect

Chapter 10

* Pathophysiology of Obstructive and Valvular Regurgitation Lesions * Obstruction to Ventricular Output * Stenosis of Atrioventricular Valves * Valvular Regurgitant Lesions

Chapter 11

* Pathophysiology of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Clinical Cyanosis * Common Cyanotic Heart Defects

Part IV Specific Congenital Heart Defects

Chapter 12

* Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions * Atrial Septal Defect * Ventricular Septal Defect * Management * Patent Ductus Arteriosus * Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Neonates * Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Endocardial Cushion Defect * Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Chapter 13

* Obstructive Lesions * Pulmonary Stenosis * Aortic Stenosis * Coarctation of the Aorta * Interrupted Aortic Arch

Chapter 14

* Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects * Approach to a Cyanotic Neonate * Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries * Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries * Tetralogy of Fallot * Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia (Pulmonary Atresia and Ventricular Septal Defect) * Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve * Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return * Tricuspid Atresia * Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum * Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome * Ebstein's Anomaly * Persistent Truncus Arteriosus * Single Ventricle * Double-Outlet Right Ventricle * Heterotaxia (Atrial Isomerism, Splenic Syndromes) * Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

Chapter 15

* Vascular Ring * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnosis * Management

Chapter 16

* Chamber Localization and Cardiac Malposition * Chamber Localization * Dextrocardia and Mesocardia

Chapter 17

* Miscellaneous Congenital Cardiac Conditions * Aneurysm of the Sinus of Valsalva * Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, ALCAPA Syndrome) * Aortopulmonary Septal Defect * Arteriovenous Fistula, Coronary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Pulmonary * Arteriovenous Fistula, Systemic * Atrial Septal Aneurysm * Cervical Aortic Arch * Common Atrium * Cor Triatriatum * DiGeorge Syndrome * Double-Chambered Right Ventricle * Ectopia Cordis * Hemitruncus Arteriosus * Idiopathic Dilation of the Pulmonary Artery * Kartagener Syndrome * Parachute Mitral Valve * Patent Foramen Ovale * Pericardial Defect, Congenital * Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta * Pulmonary Artery Stenosis * Scimitar Syndrome * Systemic Venous Anomalies

Part V Acquired Heart Disease

Chapter 18

* Primary Myocardial Disease * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy * Infants of Diabetic Mothers * Transient Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Neonates * Dilated or Congestive Cardiomyopathy * Endocardial Fibroelastosis * Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy * Carnitine Deficiency* Restrictive Cardiomyopathy * Right Ventricular Dysplasia * Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy

Chapter 19

* Cardiovascular Infections * Infective Endocarditis * Myocarditis * Pericarditis * Constrictive Pericarditis * Kawasaki Disease * Lyme Carditis * Postpericardiotomy Syndrome * Postperfusion Syndrome * Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Chapter 20

* Acute Rheumatic Fever * Prevalence * Cause * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis * Differential Diagnosis * Clinical Course * Management * Prognosis * Prevention

Chapter 21

* Valvular Heart Disease * Mitral Stenosis * Mitral Regurgitation * Aortic Regurgitation * Clinical Manifestations * Mitral Valve Prolapse

Chapter 22

* Cardiac Tumors * Prevalence * Pathology * Clinical Manifestations * Management

Chapter 23

* Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Diseases * Mucopolysaccharidoses * Systemic Lupus Erythematosus * Rheumatoid Arthritis * Friedreich's Ataxia * Muscular Dystrophy * Myotonic Dystrophy * Marfan Syndrome * Acute Glomerulonephritis * Hyperthyroidism: Congenital and Acquired* Hypothyroidism: Congenital and Acquired * Sickle Cell Anemia

Part VI Arrhythmias and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances

Chapter 24

* Cardiac Arrhythmias * Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node * Rhythms Originating in the Atrium * Rhythms Originating in the Atrioventricular Node * Rhythms Originating in the Ventricle * Long QT Syndrome * Short QT Syndrome * Brugada Syndrome

Chapter 25

* Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction * First-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Third-Degree Atrioventricular Block * Atrioventricular Disassociation

Chapter 26

* Cardiac Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in Children * ECGs of Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers * Pacemaker Therapy in Children * Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy

Part VII Special Problems

Chapter 27

* Congestive Heart Failure * Definition * Cause * Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure * Diagnosis * Management

Chapter 28

* Systemic Hypertension * Definition * Normative Blood Pressure Standards * Cause * Diagnosis and Workup * Management * Hypertensive Crisis

Chapter 29

* Pulmonary Hypertension * Definition * Cause * Physiology * Pathogenesis * Pathology * Pathophysiology * Clinical Manifestations * Natural History * Diagnosis * Management * Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia * Diaphragmatic Hernia

Chapter 30

* Child with Chest Pain * Cause and Prevalence * Clinical Manifestations * Diagnostic Approach * Management

Chapter 31

* Syncope * Prevalence * Definition * Causes * Evaluation of a Child with Syncope * Treatment * Differential Diagnosis

Chapter 32

* Palpitation * Definition and Description * Causes * Evaluation * Management

Chapter 33

* Dyslipidemia and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors * Childhood Onset of Coronary Artery Disease * Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome * Dyslipidemia * Other Risk Factors * Practice of Preventive Cardiology

Chapter 34

* Athletes with Cardiac Problems * Sudden Unexpected Death in Young Athletes* Preparticipation Screening * Classification of Sports * Eligibility Determination for Athletes with Cardiovascular Diseases * Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sports * Athletes with Systemic Hypertension

Chapter 35

* Cardiac Transplantation * Indications * Selection of the Recipient * Evaluation and Management of the Cardiac Donor * Informed Consent from the Family and Recipient * Operative Technique * Early Postoperative Management * Late Post-Transplantation Follow-up * Prognosis

Appendices

Appendix A Miscellaneous

Appendix B Blood Pressure Values

Appendix C Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Appendix D Normal Echocardiographic Values and Images

Appendix E Drugs Used in Pediatric Cardiology

Suggested Readings

Index