Clinical Case Formulations (eBook)

BARBARA LICHNER INGRAM, PhD, is a Professor of Psychology at Pepperdine University in Los Angeles, California, where she has served on the faculty since 1978. She was instrumental to the creation of their APA-approved PsyD program in 1985 and continues to be an active participant in that endeavor.

List of Tables ix

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

Part One Case Formulation Skills 1

Chapter 1 A Framework for Clinical Case Formulations 3

Chapter 2 Gathering Data 19

Chapter 3 Defining Problems 41

Chapter 4 Setting Outcome Goals 61

Chapter 5 Organizing and Presenting the Database 73

Chapter 6 Creating the Formulation 87

Chapter 7 Writing the Treatment Plan 95

Part Two Thirty Core Clinical Hypotheses 111

Chapter 8 Crisis, Stressful Situations, Transitions, and Trauma 117

Chapter 9 Body and Emotions 157

Chapter 10 Cognitive Models 197

Chapter 11 Behavioral and Learning Models 225

Chapter 12 Existential and Spiritual Models 257

Chapter 13 Psychodynamic Models 289

Chapter 14 Social, Cultural, and Environmental Factors 331

Chapter 15 Practice, Practice, Practice 373

References 385

Appendix I Useful Charts 413

Appendix II Useful Forms 421

Appendix III Case Material for Practice 425

Appendix IV Answers and Samples for Activities 431

Author Index 461

Subject Index 473

"[Barbara Ingram has put] a career into the development of this
book and it is wonderful! My students love that it is written with
them in mind and they love the statements designed to reduce
anxiety and normalize the learning process. This is an excellent
book!"

--Amy M Reese-Turyn, PhD, Associate Professor of
Counseling Psychology, Lewis & Clark College

"Dr. Ingram's book is a tremendous accomplishment and
contribution. She provides a step-by-step, systematic guide to case
formulation and treatment planning that is simultaneously creative,
integrative, evidence-based, practical and wise. All clinicians,
regardless of experience or theoretical orientation, would benefit
from reading it."

--Tracy D. Eells, MBA, PhD, Professor, Department of
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville

"This is an expanded version of what already was one of the most
encompassing approaches to psychotherapy integration. Ingram also
has added much important material on cultural considerations. The
method that is described allows the clinician to approach each
patient with a carefully thought out treatment plan. By taking
existential and spiritual concerns into account, it goes well
beyond the usual problem centered approaches. I am happy to
recommend it to all practitioners."

--George Stricker, Professor of Psychology, Argosy
University, Washington DC

"Two major splits dominate the field of psychotherapy today:
alienation between researchers and practitioners, and the
fragmentation of theoretical approaches into self-contained,
frequently warring subgroups. In this contentious environment,
Ingram's important book is a wonderful breath of fresh air, for she
develops a dramatically successful conceptual and practical model
for bridging these splits. Her approach masterfully does this first
by developing a generic case formulation paradigm that is both
theory and data friendly for researchers, and individual-case
friendly for practitioners. Second, in a far-ranging and seamless
integration of the field, Ingram demonstrates how her case
formulation model can incorporate concepts and principles from a
wide variety of theoretical orientations, vividly showing how the
different approaches can provide complementary perspectives on the
same case. This complementarily in turn provides more options for
treatment planning and intervention so as to best shape the therapy
to the specific clinical needs and contexts of the individual
client, while at the same time providing rich material to
facilitate the further development and refinement of the
theories."

--Daniel B. Fishman, PhD, Professor, Graduate School of
Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University