Emergency Management in Neurocritical Care

Edward M. Manno, MD, FCCM, FAAN, FAHA, Head, Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

List of Contributors vi Series Foreword viii Preface ix PART I: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES 1 Hypertensive Emergency 3 Laurie McWilliams 2 Airway Management in the Neurological and Neurosurgical Patient 12 Michael J. Souter 3 Traumatic Brain Injury and Intracranial Hypertension 21 Iain J. McCullagh and Peter J.D. Andrews 4 Critical Care Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury 32 Edward M. Manno 5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 37 Muhammad A. Taqi and Michel T. Torbey 6 Acute Management of Cerebral Ischemia 45 Leonid Groysman and Gene Sung 7 Neurocritical Care of Intracerebral Hemorrhage 55 James M. Gebel Jr 8 Acute Management of Status Epilepticus 63 Jan Claassen PART II: CEREBROVASCULAR CRITICAL CARE 9 Post-procedural Management of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 73 Tomoko Rie Sampson and Michael N. Diringer 10 Care of the Neurointerventional Patient in the Neurointensive Care Unit 84 Rishi Gupta 11 New Treatment Strategies in the Management of Large Hemispheric Strokes and Intracerebral Hemorrhages 92 Edward M. Manno 12 Presentation and Management of Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis 99 Patrycia Canhao and Jose M. Ferro PART III: INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 13 Infections in the Neurocritical Care Unit 111 Denise H. Rhoney, Karen J. McAllen, and Dennis Parker 14 Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial and Viral Meningitis 123 Maxwell S. Damian 15 Encephalitis: Presentation and Management 132 Ali E. Elsayed and Barnett R. Nathan PART IV: NEUROMUSCULAR COMPLICATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT 16 Practical Management of Guillain Barre Syndrome and Myasthenic Crisis 143 Alejandro A. Rabinstein PART V: NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND CONSULTATIONS IN GENERAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS 17 Metabolic Encephalopathies 155 Edward M. Manno 18 Delirium and Sedation in the ICU 162 Jennifer A. Frontera 19 Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Surgery 174 Cathy Sila 20 Neurological Complications of Medical Illness: Critical Illness Neuropathy and Myopathy 182 Edward M. Manno 21 Hypothermia: Application and Use in Neurocritical Care 188 Edward M. Manno 22 Etiologies of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Forms of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome 197 J. Javier Provencio PART VI: ACUTE NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROMONITORING IN NEUROCRITICAL CARE 23 Application of MR Diffusion, CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging in Stroke Neurocritical Care 207 Carlos Leiva-Salinas, Wade Smith and Max Wintermark 24 Advanced Monitoring of Brain Oxygenation and Metabolism 214 Bharath R. Naravetla and J. Claude Hemphill III Index 225 The color plate can be found facing page 54.