Emergency Management in Neurocritical Care

Edward M. Manno, MD, FCCM, FAAN, FAHA, Head, Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

List of Contributors vi

Series Foreword viii

Preface ix

PART I: ACUTE MANAGEMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL EMERGENCIES

1 Hypertensive Emergency 3
Laurie McWilliams

2 Airway Management in the Neurological and Neurosurgical Patient 12
Michael J. Souter

3 Traumatic Brain Injury and Intracranial Hypertension 21
Iain J. McCullagh and Peter J.D. Andrews

4 Critical Care Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury 32
Edward M. Manno

5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 37
Muhammad A. Taqi and Michel T. Torbey

6 Acute Management of Cerebral Ischemia 45
Leonid Groysman and Gene Sung

7 Neurocritical Care of Intracerebral Hemorrhage 55
James M. Gebel Jr

8 Acute Management of Status Epilepticus 63
Jan Claassen

PART II: CEREBROVASCULAR CRITICAL CARE

9 Post-procedural Management of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 73
Tomoko Rie Sampson and Michael N. Diringer

10 Care of the Neurointerventional Patient in the Neurointensive Care Unit 84
Rishi Gupta

11 New Treatment Strategies in the Management of Large Hemispheric Strokes and Intracerebral Hemorrhages 92
Edward M. Manno

12 Presentation and Management of Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis 99
Patrýcia Canhao and Jose M. Ferro

PART III: INFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

13 Infections in the Neurocritical Care Unit 111
Denise H. Rhoney, Karen J. McAllen, and Dennis Parker

14 Diagnosis and Management of Bacterial and Viral Meningitis 123
Maxwell S. Damian

15 Encephalitis: Presentation and Management 132
Ali E. Elsayed and Barnett R. Nathan

PART IV: NEUROMUSCULAR COMPLICATIONS ENCOUNTERED IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

16 Practical Management of Guillain–Barre Syndrome and Myasthenic Crisis 143
Alejandro A. Rabinstein

PART V: NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND CONSULTATIONS IN GENERAL INTENSIVE CARE UNITS

17 Metabolic Encephalopathies 155
Edward M. Manno

18 Delirium and Sedation in the ICU 162
Jennifer A. Frontera

19 Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Surgery 174
Cathy Sila

20 Neurological Complications of Medical Illness: Critical Illness Neuropathy and Myopathy 182
Edward M. Manno

21 Hypothermia: Application and Use in Neurocritical Care 188
Edward M. Manno

22 Etiologies of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Forms of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome 197
J. Javier Provencio

PART VI: ACUTE NEUROIMAGING AND NEUROMONITORING IN NEUROCRITICAL CARE

23 Application of MR Diffusion, CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging in Stroke Neurocritical Care 207
Carlos Leiva-Salinas, Wade Smith and Max Wintermark

24 Advanced Monitoring of Brain Oxygenation and Metabolism 214
Bharath R. Naravetla and J. Claude Hemphill III

Index 225

The color plate can be found facing page 54.