Diuretics

1 :Functional Anatomy of the Kidney.- A.Structural Organization of the Kidney.- B.General Organization of Renal Epithelia and Correlation with Transport.- C.Nephron and Collecting Duct Structure.- D.Alterations of Morphology in Electrolyte Disturbances.- References.- 2 : Basic Concepts of Renal Physiology.- A.Introduction.- B.Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration.- C.Renal Tubular Transport.- D.Regulation of Renal Water and Electrolyte Excretion.- References.- 3 : Renal Energy Metabolism.- A.Introduction.- B.Mechanisms of Renal ATP Formation.- C.Metabolic Substrates of Renal Energy Metabolism.- D.Regulation of ATP in Tubule Cells.- E.Interaction of Diuretic Substances with Renal Energy Metabolism.- References.- 4 : Discovery and Development of Diuretic Agents.- A.Introduction.- B.Xanthine Derivatives.- C.Osmotic Diuretics.- D.Mercurial Diuretics.- E.Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.- F.Sulfonamide Diuretics.- G.Nonsulfonamide Diuretics.- H. So-called Polyvalent Diuretics.- I. Aquaretics.- J. New Aspects: Ion Transport Modulators.- References.- 5 :Metabolism of Diuretics.- A.Introduction.- B.Biotransformation.- C.Patterns of Biotransformation.- D.Biotransformation of Diuretics.- References.- 6 :Interaction of Diuretics with Transport Systems in the Proximal Renal Tubule.- A.Introduction.- B.Transport System for Hydrophobic Organic Anions (pflra-Aminohippurate).- C.Transport Systems for Organic Cations.- D.Transport Systems for Sulfate.- E.Transport Systems for Dicarboxylates.- F.Interaction of Diuretics with the Different Proximal Transport Systems.- G.How Does Metabolic Transformation Change the Interaction with the Transport Systems for Organic Anions and Cations?.- References.- 7 :Loop Diuretics.- A.Introduction.- B.The Heterogeneous Group of Loop Diuretics.- C.Organotropy of Loop Diuretics.- D.Saluretic and Diuretic Effects of Loop Diuretics and Cellular Mechanisms.- E.Effects of Loop Diuretics in the Intact Kidney.- G.Pharmacokinetics.- H. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.- I. Clinical Uses.- J. Adverse Effects.- References.- 8 :Thiazide Diuretics.- A.Introduction.- B.Chemical Structures.- C.Pharmacokinetics.- D.Pharmacodynamics.- E.Pharmacokinetics in Disease States.- F.Saluretic Effects of Thiazides.- G.Diuretics in Nonedematous States.- H. Side Effects of Diuretic Therapy.- I. Drug Combinations.- References.- 9 :Potassium-Retaining Diuretics: Aldosterone Antagonists.- A. Chemical Structure and Properties, Structure-Activity Relationships of Aldosterone Antagonists.- B.Pharmacodynamics.- C.Pharmacokinetics.- D.Therapeutic Use (Indications, Dosage, Contraindications).- E.Side Effects and Toxicology.- F. Drug Interactions.- References.- 10 :Potassium-Retaining Diuretics: Amiloride.- A.Introduction.- B.Structure-Function Relationships.- C.Pharmacodynamics.- D.Pharmacokinetics.- E.Therapeutic Use.- F.Side Effects and Toxicity.- G. Drug Interactions.- References.- 11 :Potassium-Retaining Diuretics: Triamterene.- A.Chemical Structure and Properties.- B.Pharmacodynamics.- C.Pharmacokinetics.- D.Therapeutic Use.- I. Indications.- II. Dosage.- III. Side Effects.- IV. Contraindications.- V. Drug Interactions.- E.Toxicity.- References.- 12 :Osmotic Diuretics: Mannitol.- A.Introduction.- B.Renal Effects.- IV. Transport of Other Ions.- V. Urinary Concentration and Dilution.- VI. Miscellaneous Effects.- C.Beneficial Extrarenal Effects of Hypertonic Mannitol.- D.Effects on the Cardiovascular System.- E.Clinical Use.- References.- 13 :Clinical Uses of Diuretics.- A.Introduction.- B.Physiological Basis of Diuretic Action and Clinical Implications of Physiological Principles.- C.Diuretics in the Treatment of Edematous States and Disorders Associated with Abnormalities of Renal Function.- D.Diuretics in the Treatment of Nonedematous Disorders.- E. Diuretic Side Effects and Adverse Reactions.- References.