Ischemia and Loss of Vascular Autoregulation in Ocular and Cerebral Diseases (eBook)

Preface 6
Acknowledgments 7
Introduction 8
Contents 12
About the Author 16
Invasive Studies of the Parameters Regulating Ocular Physiology and Vision 17
“In Vivo” Manometric Studies of the Steady State Intraocular Pressure and the Intraocular Pressure Pulse in Animals and Man 18
The Rate of Formation of the Aqueous Humor 25
The Steady State Intraocular Pressure/ Flow Relations in Dead and Living Animal and Human Eyes 29
Homeostasis, Autoregulation, and Relative Ischemia 33
The Pressure/Volume Relation in Eyes of Dead and Living Animal and Human Eyes 41
The Ocular Perfusion Pressure and Its Influence on the Intraocular Pressure Pulse 45
Direct and Indirect Measurements of Ocular Blood Flow in Anesthetized and Conscious Animals and Humans 49
The Morphology and Hydrodynamics of the Chamber Angle Draining the Aqueous Humor 55
The Sympathetic Nerve Innervation of the Eye and the Actions of the Adrenergic Neuron Transmitter Norepinephrine on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow 58
Manometric Studies on the Intraocular Pressure and Vascular Circulation in Ophthalmic Disease 67
References 70
Noninvasive Studies on the IOP, PA, and Blood Flow Autoregulation in Healthy and Diseased Eyes 75
Indirect Measurements of the Intraocular Pressure and the Intraocular Pressure Pulse 76
The Effect of Posture and Corneal Thickness on the Measurement of the Intraocular Pressure 79
The Langham Pneumatic Analogue and Digitized Tonometers 84
The Calibration of the Intraocular Pressure and the Intraocular Pressure Pulse using the Langham Pneumatic Tonometer 91
The Theory of the Langham Tonometer 95
The Intraocular Pressure/Pulse Amplitude Relation in Healthy Animal and Human Eyes 97
The Intraocular Pressure/Pulse Amplitude Relation and Loss of Autoregulation in Ocular Diseases 104
Autoregulation of the Intraocular Pressure and the Ocular Blood Flow 121
The Evaluation of Ocular Ischemia and the Loss of Autoregulation for the Early Detection of Ocular Vascular Diseases 125
The Action of Drugs on Ocular Blood Flow and on the Intraocular Pressure/ Pulse Amplitude Relation 128
The Confluence and Integration of Therapies Based on Modulation of the Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Blood Flow 134
Longitudinal Therapeutic Studies 139
References 143
Ophthalmodynamometry, the Ophthalmic Arterial Pressure and the Effect of Increased Vascular Resistance Proximal and Distal to the Ophthalmic Artery on Ocular Blood Flow, the IOP/ PA Relation and Vision 149
The Ophthalmic Arterial Pressure, the Intraocular Pressure/ Pulse Amplitude Curve, and Their Relations to the Ocular and Cerebral Circulations 150
Ophthalmodynamometry 153
Autoregulation of the Intraocular Pressure and Blood Flow in the Human Eye 156
Objective Measurement of the Diastolic and Systolic Ophthalmic Arterial Pressures 158
The Ophthalmic Arterial Pressure in Healthy Subjects 161
The Relation Between the Ophthalmic Arterial Pressure and the Intraocular Pressure/ Pulse Amplitude Relation 163
Modulation of the Intraocular Pressure/ Pulse Amplitude Relation in Subjects with Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery 167
Alzheimer's Disease and the Eye 177
The Ocular Perfusion Pressure and the Visual Threshold 180
Concepts and New Perspectives 182
References 184
Index 186