Gastrointestinal Tract Sonography in Fetuses and Children (eBook)

Foreword 5
Preface 6
Contents 7
Fetal Gastrointestinal Tract: US and MR 8
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 The Normal Fetal GI Tract 9
1.3 Gastrointestinal Tract Disease in Fetus 32
1.4 Conclusion 77
References 81
Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Esophago– Gastric Junction 92
2.1 Clinical Findings 93
2.2 Technique 93
2.3 Anatomy 94
2.4 Pathology 97
2.5 Correlation 100
2.6 Gastric Emptying 102
2.7 Postoperative Findings (Fig. 2.15) 102
2.8 Conclusion 103
References 104
Antro- Pyloric Abnormalities 106
Introduction 106
3.1 The Antro- Pyloric Region: Normal Aspect 106
3.2 Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis 108
3.3 Pylorospasm 115
3.4 Other Antro- Pyloric Disease 116
References 133
Bowel Obstruction in Neonates and Children 137
4.1 Neonatal Occlusions 137
4.2 Occlusions in Children 214
4.3 Conclusions 241
References 245
Small Bowel Thickening 258
Introduction 258
5.1 Normal Small Intestine 259
5.2 Systematic Ultrasonographic Approach to Abnormal Small Bowel 263
5.3 Stratified Thickening of the Small Bowel Wall 265
5.4 Nonstratified Thickening with Thumbprinting 277
5.5 Nonstratified Thickening with Hyperplastic Valvular Folds 293
5.6 Conclusion 299
References 300
Infectious and Inflammatory Colitis 302
6.1 Introduction 302
6.2 Systematic Ultrasonographic Approach 303
6.3 Normal Colon Pattern 303
6.4 Stratified Thickening of the Colon Wall 308
6.5 Nonstratified Colonic Thickening with Loss of the Haustral Folds 321
6.6 Nonstratified Thickening with Preservation of the Haustral Folds 333
6.7 Conclusion 343
References 343
Appendicitis 345
7.1 The Normal Appendix: Anatomy and Pathology 346
7.2 Appendicitis: Pathogenesis and Pathology 347
7.3 Clinical Diagnosis: Still Difficult 352
7.4 Sonographic Evaluation of the Appendix 354
7.5 Sonography Imaging of the Appendix: Personal Experience 365
7.6 Role of Sonography Among Imaging Modalities 419
7.7 Conclusion 420
References 423
Intussusception 431
8.1 Ileo(ileo)colic Intussusception 432
8.2 Small Bowel Intussusception 466
8.3 Colocolic Intussusception 476
8.4 Conclusion 482
References 482
Abnormalities of the Omphalomesenteric Duct. Inguinal Hernias 485
9.1 Abnormalities of the Omphalomesenteric Duct 485
9.2 Inguinal Hernias 501
References 512
Intraperitoneal Masses 514
10.1 Cystic Masses 514
10.2 Intraperitoneal Lymphomas 527
10.3 Peritoneal and Omental Solid Masses– Lymphoma Excluded 532
10.4 Small and Large Bowel Tumors, Lymphoma Excluded 540
References 547
Gastrointestinal Trauma 552
11.1 Introduction 552
11.2 Circumstances and Mechanisms of Trauma 553
11.3 Ultrasonography 554
11.4 Clinical and Sonographic Correlations 561
11.5 Complications 574
11.6 Indications for Ultrasonography 576
References 576
Quiz 580
Case 1 580
References 582
Case 2 583
Case 3 586
References 588
Case 4 589
References 590
Case 5 591
References 593
Case 6 594
Reference 597
Case 7 598
References 600
Case 8 601
References 603
Case 9 604
References 605
Case 10 606
Subject Index 608
List of Contributors 620