Laboratory Hematology Practice

Dr Kandice Kottke-Marchant, MD PhD, Section Head, Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Clinical Pathology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA and President, International Society of Laboratory Hematology. She is also a Professor of Pathology at the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine and an Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University. She has published over 100 peer-reviewed publications in the field of haemostasis, is an international expert on platelet testing and aspirin resistance, and has served on review panels from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), College of American Pathologists (CAP), ISO/TC212 and North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association (NASCOLA). She has been a driving force to increase the international visibility and impact of the ISLH. She has been responsible for running the ISLH annual Symposia since 2002. Due to her involvement in haemostasis and the ISLH, Dr. Kottke-Marchant will be uniquely positioned to serve as one of the co-Editors of the Textbook of Laboratory Hematology. Elkin Simson, MD, PCAP, FACSP is the Medical Director of the Center for Clinical Laboratories and Hematology Laboratory at the Mount Sinai Hospital. He is also Associate Professor and Vice Chairman of the Department of Pathology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. Dr. Simson was formerly the Vice-President for Medical and Scientific Affairs at Technicon Instruments Corporation, where he participated in the development of the first automated haematology analyzers to combine the CBC and WBC differential into a single instrument. Dr Simson is the Past President of the ISLH and is Vice-President of the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH). He has been Chairman of the Hematology Area Committee of NCCLS (now CLSI), a member of Council of the National Reference System for the Clinical Laboratory (NRSCL) and the Hematology and Quality Improvement Subcommittees of the NCCCLS. He was a member of the Hematology and Pathology Advisory Panel of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Due to his long-time involvement in haematology automation and standards organizations, Dr. Simson is an idea co-editor. The proposed section editors are chosen from international experts in their respective fields; most have also been long-time ISLH members who have been faculty at one or more ISLH Symposia and who have been repeatedly recognized as outstanding speakers and contributors by the participants. Dr Bruce Davis is one of the co-founders of the ISLH and has a long history of involvement in developing automated cellular and flow cytometric technologies. Professor Alberto Orfao from Spain is one of the world s foremost experts on flow cytometry. Professor Samuel Machin is currently President of the British Society of Haematology and is an international authority on haemostasis testing. Stefanie McFadden is a medical technologist who is sought after as a consultant for laboratory management and informatics issues.

Contributors, viii Preface, xiii Abbreviations, xv I Cellular Analysis, 1 1 Historical Perspective on Cellular Analysis, 3 Elkin Simson 2 Cellular Morphologic Analysis of Peripheral Blood, 10 Powers Peterson, Sheila McNeill, and Gene Gulati 3 Automated Cell Analysis: Principles, 26 Bruce H. Davis and Patrick W. Barnes 4 Differential Leukocyte Analysis, 33 Marie-Christine Bene and Francis Lacombe 5 Automated Platelet Analysis, 48 Carol Briggs and Samuel J. Machin 6 Method Standardization in Cellular Analysis, 59 Ian Giles & Richard Kendall 7 Spurious counts and spurious results on hematology analyzers: platelets, 66 Marc Zandecki, Franck Genevieve, Jeremie Gerard, and Alban Godon 8 Spurious Counts and Spurious Results on Hematology Analyzers: White Blood Cells, Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin, Red Cell Indices, and Reticulocytes, 79 Marc Zandecki, Franck Genevieve, Jeremie Gerard, and Alban Godon 9 Evaluation of Hematology Analyzers, 96 Carol Briggs II Flow Cytometry in Hematologic Diagnosis, 103 10 Flow Cytometric Specimen Collection, Processing, and Reporting, 105 Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Bruce Greig, Constance Yuan 11 Validation and Quality Control in Clinical Flow Cytometry, 115 Norman B. Purvis and Teri Oldaker 12 A New Paradigm for Cytometric Analysis, 131 C. Bruce Bagwell III Molecular Diagnostics, 143 13 Sample Collection, Processing, and Storage for Molecular Genetic Testing, 145 Bobby L. Boyanton Jr. and Domnita Crisan 14 Development of Amplification-Based Molecular Genetic Testing in Hematology, 155 Raymond R. Tubbs 15 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Molecular Diagnostics, 168 Gurunathan Murugesan, Seongsoo Jang, and Jin-Yeong Han 16 Molecular Cytogenetic (FISH) Analysis of Hematolymphoid Disorders, 181 Mark A. Micale and Anwar N. Mohamed 17 Immunoglobulin and T-Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement Analysis for Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies, 199 Jacques J. M. van Dongen, Anton W. Langerak, and Tomasz Szczepan ski 18 Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by RQ-PCR and Multiparameter Flow Cytometry, 220 Wolfgang Kern and Susanne Schnittger 19 Engraftment Analysis using Short Tandem Repeats following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 234 Ilka Warshawsky and Hyun-Sook Chi 20 Molecular Profiling Methods in the Diagnosis of Hematologic Disorders, 244 Annette S. Kim, Stephen R. Master, and Cherie H. Dunphy 21 The Role of Classical Cytogenetics in Hematologic Diagnosis, 267 Kathleen Richkind IV Bone Marrow Analysis, 279 22 Bone Marrow Processing and Normal Morphology, 281 Karl S. Theil 23 Cytochemical, Immunocytochemical, Histochemical, and Immunohistochemical Staining of Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood, 300 Alexandra Rice and Barbara J. Bain 24 The Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, 315 Sindhu Cherian and Brent L. Wood 25 Myelodysplastic Disorders, 331 Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Joseph A. DiGiuseppe, and Diane C. Arthur 26 Acute Leukemias, 345 Joseph A. DiGiuseppe and Laila Mnayer 27 Lymphoproliferative Disorders, 364 Robert W. Allan, Samer Z. Al-Quran, Ying Li, and Raul C. Braylan 28 Plasma Cell Disorders, 381 Bill G. Richendollar and James R. Cook 29 Diagnosis of Adult Mastocytosis: Role for Bone Marrow Analysis, 388 Luis Escribano, Andres Garcia-Montero, Laura Sanchez-Munoz, Cristina Teodosio, Ivan Alvarez-Twose, Maria Jara-Acevedo, Jose Mario Morgado, Julia Almeida, Alberto Orfao for the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) 30 Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Analysis, 399 Stephen J. Richards V Hemostasis and Thrombosis, 407 31 Sample Collection and Processing in Hemostasis, 409 Dorothy M. Adcock 32 Performance and Interpretation of Routine Coagulation Assays, 420 Kandice Kottke-Marchant 33 Clotting Factors and Inhibitors: Assays and Interpretation, 435 Piet Meijer, H. W. Verbruggen, and Michael Spannagl 34 Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease, 447 Emmanuel J. Favaloro and Jerry Koutts 35 Diagnosis of Fibrinolytic Disorders, 460 Wayne Chandler 36 Laboratory Evaluation of Acquired Coagulation Disorders, 468 Richard A. Marlar and Katerine Seywerd 37 Platelet Assays and Platelet Dysfunction, 480 Paul Harrison and David Keeling 38 Thrombophilia: Assays and Interpretation, 492 Sophia Yohe and John Olson 39 Lupus Anticoagulants, Antiphospholipid Antibodies, and Antiphospholipid Syndrome, 509 William L. Nichols, Kandice Kottke-Marchant, Marlies R. Ledford-Kraemer, Henry A. Homburger, Layna K. Cardel 40 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, 526 Sixten Selleng and Andreas Greinacher 41 Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs, 535 Laura Green and Samuel J. Machin 42 Guidelines for Evaluation of Coagulation Analyzers and Coagulation Testing, 543 Chris Gardiner VI Special Hematology Techniques, 553 43 Essentials of Immunohematology, 555 A. Bradley Eisenbrey 44 Analysis of Hemoglobinopathies, Hemoglobin Variants and Thalassemias, 562 Monica V. E. Gallivan and Piero C. Giordano 45 Nutritional Anemia, 586 Ralph Green 46 Hemolytic Anemias Associated with Disorders of Erythrocyte Membrane and Cytoskeleton Proteins, 602 May-Jean King, Lesley J. Bruce, Didier Dhermy 47 Body Fluid Analysis, 615 David J. Blomberg, Katherine Galagan, and Eric F. Glassy 48 Malaria Analysis, 626 Qigui Li, Peter J. Weina, and R. Scott Miller 49 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), 638 Josep M. Jou VII Point-of-Care Testing, 647 50 Needs Analysis and Selection of Point-of-Care Testing Analyzers, 649 Albert Huisman 51 Point-of-Care Testing in Hemostasis, 655 Steve Kitchen and Dianne Kitchen 52 Point-of-Care Hematology Assays, 668 Albert Huisman VIII Management of Information 673 53 Laboratory Management, 675 Stefanie L. McFadden and Linda M. Sandhaus 54 Hematology Quality Practices 686 George S. Cembrowski 55 Digital Imaging in Hematology, 707 Danny Hsu and Szu-Hee Lee Index, 719