Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience at a Glance

Roger A. Barker – Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair and Department of Neurology, University of Cambridge Francesca Cicchetti – Centre de Recherche du CHUL (CHUQ), Universitie Laval, Quebec Michael J. Neal – Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, King′s College, London

Introduction 6
Acknowledgements 7


List of abbreviations 8


Part 1 Anatomical and functional organization


1 Development of the nervous system 10


2 Organization of the nervous system 12


3 Autonomic nervous system 14


4 Enteric nervous system 16


5 Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid 18


6 Blood supply to the central nervous system 20


7 Cranial nerves 22


8 Anatomy of the brainstem 24


9 Organization of the spinal cord 26


10 Organization of the cerebral cortex and thalamus 28


11 Hypothalamus 30


Part 2 Cells and neurophysiology


12 Cells of the nervous system I: neurones 32


13 Cells of the nervous system II: neuroglial cells 34


14 Ion channels 36


15 Resting membrane and action potential 38


16 Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and synapses 40


17 Nerve conduction and synaptic integration 42


18 Neurotransmitters, receptors and their pathways 44


19 Main CNS neurotransmitters and their function 46


20 Skeletal muscle structure 48


21 Skeletal muscle contraction 50


Part 3 Sensory systems


22 Sensory systems: an overview 52


23 Sensory transduction 54


24 Visual system I: the eye and retina 56


25 Visual system II: the visual pathways and subcortical visual areas 58


26 Visual system III: visual cortical areas 60


27 Auditory system I: the ear and cochlea 62


28 Auditory system II: the auditory pathways and language 64


29 Vestibular system 66


30 Olfaction and taste 68


31 Somatosensory system 70


32 Pain systems I: nociceptors and nociceptive pathways 72


33 Pain systems II: pharmacology and management 74


34 Association cortices: the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex 76


Part 4 Motor systems


35 Organization of the motor systems 78


36 Muscle spindle and lower motor neurone 80


37 Spinal cord motor organization and locomotion 82


38 Cortical motor areas 84


39 Primary motor cortex 86


40 Cerebellum 88


41 Basal ganglia: anatomy and physiology 92


42 Basal ganglia diseases and their treatment 94


Part 5 Consciousness and higher brain function


43 Reticular formation and sleep 96


44 Consciousness and theory of mind 98


45 Limbic system and long–term potentiation 100


46 Memory 102


47 Emotion, motivation and drug addiction 104


48 Neural plasticity and neurotrophic factors I: the peripheral nervous system 106


49 Neural plasticity and neurotrophic factors II: the central nervous system 108


Part 6 Applied neurobiology: the principles of neurology and psychiatry


50 Approach to the patient with neurological problems 110


51 Examination of the nervous system 112


52 Investigation of the nervous system 114


53 Imaging of the central nervous system 116


54 Clinical disorders of the sensory systems 118


55 Clinical disorders of the motor system 120


56 Eye movements 122


57 Neurochemical disorders I: affective disorders 124


58 Neurochemical disorders II: schizophrenia 126


59 Neurochemical disorders III: anxiety 128


60 Neurodegenerative disorders 130


61 Neurophysiological disorders: epilepsy 132


62 Neuroimmunological disorders 134


63 Neurogenetic disorders 136


64 Cerebrovascular disease 138


65 Neuroradiological anatomy 140


Part 7 Self–assessment case studies


Case studies and questions 143


Answers 148


Index 153


A companion website is available for this book at: www.ataglanceseries.com/neuroscience