Methods for Community-Based Participatory Research for Health

Barbara A. Israel, DrPH, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior and health education at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Eugenia Eng, DrPH, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior at the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Amy J. Schulz, PhD, MPH, is professor, department of health behavior and health education, at the School of Public Health, University of Michigan. Edith Parker, DrPH, MPH, is professor and chair, department of community and behavioral health at the College of Public Health, University of Iowa.

Figures and Tables xi

Foreword xiii

David Satcher

Dedication xvii

Acknowledgments ixx

The Editors xxiii

The Contributors xxvii

PART ONE: INTRODUCTION TO METHODS FOR COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH FOR HEALTH 1

1. Introduction to Methods for CBPR for Health 3
Barbara A. Israel, Eugenia Eng, Amy J. Schulz, Edith A. Parker

PART TWO: PARTNERSHIP FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE 39

2. Developing and Maintaining Partnerships with Communities 43
Bonnie Duran, Nina Wallerstein, Magdalena M. Avila, Lorenda Belone, Meredith Minkler, Kevin Foley

3. Strategies and Techniques for Effective Group Process in CBPR Partnerships 69
Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, Jeanette Gustat, Angela G. Reyes, Alex J. Allen III

4. Infrastructure for Equitable Decision Making in Research 97
Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb

PART THREE: COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS 127

5. Insiders and Outsiders Assess Who Is “The Community”: Participant Observation, Key Informant Interview, Focus Group Interview, and Community Forum 133
Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek Griffith, Kate Shirah, Elvira Mebane

6. Using Ethnography in Participatory Community Assessment 161
Jean J. Schensul, Marlene J. Berg, Saritha Nair

PART FOUR: DEFINE THE ISSUE, DESIGN AND CONDUCT THE RESEARCH 189

7. Community-Based Participation in Survey Design and Implementation: The Healthy Environments Partnership Survey 197
Amy J. Schulz, Shannon N. Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Carmen Stokes

8. Using a CBPR Approach to Develop an Interviewer Training Manual with Members of the Apsáalooke Nation 225
Suzanne Christopher, Linda Burhansstipanov, Alma Knows His Gun McCormick, Vanessa Watts Simonds

9. The Application of Focus Group Methodologies to CBPR 249
Edith C. Kieffer, Yamir Salabarría-Pen˜a, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Sharla K. Willis, Gloria Palmisano, J. Ricardo Guzmán

10. Development, Evolution, and Implementation of a Food Environment Audit for Diverse Neighborhoods 277
Shannon N. Zenk, Amy J. Schulz, Betty T. Izumi, Sharon Sand, Murlisa Lockett, Angela Odoms-Young

11. CBPR and Ethnography: The Perfect Union 305
Nicole S. Berry, Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos-Mun˜iz

12. What’s with the Wheezing?: Methods Used by the Seattle-King County Healthy Homes Project to Assess Exposure to Indoor Asthma Triggers 335
James Krieger, Carol A. Allen, Tim K. Takaro

PART FIVE: DOCUMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF PARTNERSHIPS 365

13. Documentation and Evaluation of CBPR Partnerships: The Use of In-Depth Interviews and Closed-Ended Questionnaires 369
Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán, Richard Lichtenstein, Zachary Rowe

PART SIX: FEEDBACK, INTERPRETATION, DISSEMINATION, AND APPLICATION OF RESULTS 399

14. Developing and Implementing Guidelines for Dissemination: The Experience of the Community Action Against Asthma Partnership 405
Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefi eld-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, Ashley O’Toole, Donele Wilkins, Stuart Batterman, Toby Lewis

15. Collaborative Data Collection, Interpretation, and Action Planning in a Rural African American Community: Men on the Move 435
Elizabeth A. Baker, Freda Motton, Ellen Barnidge, Frank Rose III

16. Collaborative Mapping for Health Equity: Making Place Visible 463
Jason Corburn, Anna Yun Lee, Nehanda Imara, Samara Swanston

17. Photovoice as a CBPR Method: A Case Study with African American Breast Cancer Survivors in Rural Eastern North Carolina 489
Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson, Eugenia Eng

18. Methods for Community-Based Participatory Policy Work to Improve Food Environments in New York City 517
Emma Tsui, Milyoung Cho, Nicholas Freudenberg

19. Citizens, Science, and Data Judo: Leveraging Secondary Data Analysis to Build a Community-Academic Collaborative for Environmental Justice in Southern California 547
Rachel Morello-Frosch, Manuel Pastor, James Sadd, Michele Prichard, Martha Matsuoka

APPENDIXES 579

A. Instructions for Conducting a Force Field Analysis 581
Adam B. Becker, Barbara A. Israel, Alex J. Allen III

B. Full Value Contract 585
Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb

C. Collaborative Revised Bylaws: Adopted/Amended: (Month, Day, Year) 589
Michael Yonas, Robert Aronson, Nettie Coad, Eugenia Eng, Regina Petteway, Jennifer Schaal, Lucille Webb

D. Community Member Key Informant Interview Guide 601
Eugenia Eng, Karen Strazza, Scott D. Rhodes, Derek M. Griffith, Kate Shirah, Elvira Mebane

E. Selected Healthy Environments Partnership Measures by Survey Categories, Indicating Source of Identification for Inclusion and Scale Items 605
Amy J. Schulz, Shannon Zenk, Srimathi Kannan, Barbara A. Israel, Carmen Stokes

F. Promoting Healthy Lifestyles Among Women: Focus Group Summary Analysis Form: Eastside and Southwest Detroit—Procedures and Example Questions 613
Edith C. Kieffer, Yamir Salabarría-Pen˜a, Angela M. Odoms-Young, Sharla K. Willis, Gloria Palmisano, J. Ricardo Guzmán

G. Field Notes Guide 619
Nicole S. Berry, Chris McQuiston, Emilio A. Parrado, Julio César Olmos-Muñiz

H. In-Depth, Semi-structured Interview Protocol: Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center, Detroit URC Board Evaluation 1996–2002 623
Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán

I. Closed-Ended Survey Questionnaire: Detroit Community-Academic Urban Research Center, Detroit URC Board Evaluation 1997–2007 627
Barbara A. Israel, Paula M. Lantz, Robert J. McGranaghan, J. Ricardo Guzmán, Richard Lichtenstein, Zachary Rowe

J. Philosophy and Guiding Principles for Dissemination of Findings of Community Action Against Asthma Including Authorship of Publications and Presentations, Policies and Procedures, Access to Data, and Related Matters 639
Edith A. Parker, Thomas G. Robins, Barbara A. Israel, Wilma Brakefi eld-Caldwell, Katherine K. Edgren, Donele J. Wilkins

K. Inspirational Images Project: Fact Sheet and Informed Consent Form for Study Participants 645
Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson, Eugenia Eng

L. Inspirational Images Project: Informed Consent Form for Adults Who May Appear in Photographs 651
Ellen D. S. López, Naomi Robinson

M. Southern California Environmental Justice Collaborative: Partnership Agreed-Upon Mechanism for Deciding on Research Activities 655

Communities for a Better Environment, Liberty Hill Foundation, and the Research Team

Index 659