Pediatric Nutrition Handbook

David L. Suskind, MD is Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital. Polly Lenssen, MS, RD, CD, FADA is Director of Clinical Nutrition at Seattle Children's Hospital.

Preface ix

Foreword xi

Acknowledgments xii

Contributors xiii

1 General Nutrition 1

1.1 General Pediatric Nutrition Assessment — Cheryl Davis and the Clinical Nutrition Department 1

1.2 Focused Assessment: Infants — Cheryl Davis and the Clinical Nutrition Department 8

1.3 Focused Assessment: Toddlers — Cheryl Davis and the Clinical Nutrition Department 11

1.4 Focused Assessment: School-Age Children — Cheryl Davis and the Clinical Nutrition Department 15

1.5 Focused Assessment: Adolescents — Alicia Dixon Docter 17

Appendix A: Expected Gain in Weight: Birth to 24 Months (Guo et al., 1991) 24

Appendix B: Expected Gain in Length: Birth to 24 Months (Guo et al., 1991) 25

2 General Pediatrics 27

2.1 Failure to Thrive — Crystal Knight, David L. Suskind 29

2.2 Failure to Gain Weight Breast-Feeding — Lee Bossung Sweeney 30

2.3 Swallowing Disorder and Aspiration — Susan Casey 38

2.4 Gastroesophageal Refl ux Disease — David L. Suskind 41

2.5 Acute Gastroenteritis — David L. Suskind 44

2.6 Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy — David L. Suskind 46

2.7 Eosinophilic Esophagitis — David L. Suskind 47

2.8 Food Allergies — Susan Casey 49

2.9 Toddler’s Diarrhea or Chronic, Nonspecifi c Diarrhea of Childhood — David L. Suskind 52

2.10 Vitamins and Minerals — Matt Giefer, David L. Suskind 53

3 Endocrine 61

3.1 Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus — Tran Hang 61

4 Gastroenterology 65

4.1 Crohn’s Disease — Crystal Knight, David L. Suskind 66

4.2 Ulcerative Colitis — Crystal Knight, David L. Suskind 68

4.3 Short Bowel Syndrome — Cheryl Davis, Simon Horslen 70

4.4 Ascites and Portal Hypertension — Crystal Knight, Simon Horslen 72

4.5 Acute Pancreatitis — Matt Giefer, Crystal Knight, David L. Suskind 74

5 Biochemical Genetics 75

5.1 Urea Cycle Defects — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 77

5.2 Maple Syrup Urine Disease — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 80

5.3 Galactosemia — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 81

5.4 Glycogen Storage Disease Types 1a and 1b — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 83

5.5 Hereditary Fructose Intolerance — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 85

5.6 Mitochondrial Disorders — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 86

5.7 Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 89

5.8 Organic Acidemia — Kelly McKean, Melissa Edwards 92

6 Nephrology 95

6.1 Nephrotic Syndrome — Peggy Solan, Kirsten Thompson 95

6.2 Chronic Kidney Disease — Peggy Solan, Kirsten Thompson 98

6.3 Kidney Transplant — Peggy Solan, Kirsten Thompson 99

6.4 Hypertension — Peggy Solan, Kirsten Thompson 100

7 Neurology 103

7.1 Antiepileptic Drug–Nutrient Interactions — Elaine Cumbie, Marta Mazzanti 103

7.2 Ketogenic Diet Therapy Plan — Elaine Cumbie, Marta Mazzanti 109

8 Obesity 111

8.1 Obesity — Heather Paves 113

9 Pulmonary 115

9.1 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/Chronic Lung Disease — Susan Casey 116

9.2 Cystic Fibrosis — Susan Casey 119

9.3 Asthma — Susan Casey 121

10 Oncology 123

10.1 Cancer — Kathy Hunt 124

11 Neurodevelopment 127

11.1 Neurodevelopmental Delay — Kim Cooperman 128

12 Neonatology 131

12.1 Feeding Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit — Maura Sandrock 133

13 Nutrition Support 135

13.1 Enteral Nutrition — Polly Lenssen 135

13.2 Indications for Total Parenteral Nutrition — Polly Lenssen 140

14 Surgery 147

14.1 Post-operative Nutritional Care — Jenny Stevens 150

15 Intensive Care: Cardiac/Pediatric 153

15.1 Chylothorax — Claudia Sassano-Miguel 154

15.2 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation — Claudia Sassano-Miguel 156

16 Cardiology 157

16.1 Congenital Heart Disease — Christine Avgeris 159

17 Rheumatology 161

17.1 Rheumatic Disease — Kim Kellogg 162

Glossary of Acronyms 165

Index 171