Chest X–rays for Medical Students

Christopher Clarke is ST2 Clinical Radiology Trainee at Nottingham University Hospitals and Honorary Lecturer in Human Anatomy at Nottingham Medical School Anthony Dux is a Consultant Radiologist at University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust

Preface vii Acknowledgements viii Learning objectives checklist ix Part 1 About X-rays 1 What are X-rays? 1 How are X-rays produced? 1 The resulting image on the X-ray film 2 How are X-ray images (radiographs) stored? 2 Hazards and precautions 3 Radiation hazards 3 IRMER 2000 3 In women of reproductive age 3 Chest X-ray (CXR) views 4 PA erect CXR 4 Other views 4 Normal anatomy on a PA chest X-ray 5 Normal anatomy 15 Normal anatomy 25 Normal anatomy 36 Normal anatomy 47 Normal anatomy 58 Normal anatomy 68 Normal anatomy 79 Normal anatomy 89 Presenting a chest radiograph 10 Be systematic 10 Film quality 11 Rotation 11 Adequate inspiration 13 Part 2 Overview of the ABCDE of chest X-rays 14 The ABCDE of chest X-rays 15 Part 3 Common conditions and their radiological signs 94 Pulmonary embolism 94 Bronchial carcinoma 94 Heart failure 95 Pneumonia 97 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 97 Tuberculosis 98 Asbestos-related lung disease 103 Self-assessment questions 108 Self-assessment answers 113 Glossary 122 Index 128