ESMO Handbook of Cancer in the Senior Patient

Introduction
Defining the Elderly
Biology of Aging and Changes in Organ Function
Changes in Cognition
Cancer and Aging
Clinical Aspects
Further Reading

Cancer Epidemiology
Introduction
Population Demographics
Cancer Demographics
Society-Related Problems
Conclusions
Further Reading

Evaluation of the Senior Cancer Patient: Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Screening Tools for the Elderly
Introduction
Short Screening Tools
The Vulnerable Elders Survey 13
MGA Packages
Further Reading

Frailty in the Elderly
Frailty in the Elderly
The Impact of Frailty on Cancer
Assessment of Frailty
Conclusion
Further Reading

Surgical Treatment
Introduction
Indications for Surgery
Patients Selection
Outcomes
Survival
Palliation
Side Effects
Conclusion
Further Reading

Radiotherapy in the Elderly Cancer Patient
Indications for Radiotherapy in the Elderly
Side Effects of Radiotherapy in the Elderly (Acute and Late)
Efficacy and Outcome of Radiotherapy in the Aging
Palliative Setting: Toxicity and Efficacy Ratio
Curative Setting: Combinations of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Selection Criteria for Radiotherapy in the Elderly
Conclusions
Further Reading

Hormonal Anticancer Treatment in the Senior Cancer Patient
Introduction
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Further Reading

Cytotoxic and Targeted Anticancer Treatment in the Senior Cancer Patient
Introduction
Chemotherapy in Senior Adults
Targeted Therapies in Senior Adults
Further Reading

Treatment of Lymphoma in the Elderly Population
Introduction
Diagnosis and Prognosis
Treatment
Conclusions
Further Reading

Management of Myeloproliferative Diseases in Senior Patients
Diagnosis and Classification of Myeloproliferative Disorders
Treatment Strategies of MPD in the Senior Patient
Conclusions
Future Outlook
Further Reading

Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the Senior Patient
The Relevance of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in the Elderly
Classification and Risk Scoring in MDS
Age-Adjusted Models and Assessment in Elderly MDS Patients
Treatment Options in Elderly MDS Patients
Future Perspectives
Further Reading

Breast Cancer in the Senior Patient
Introduction
Early Breast Cancer
Metastatic Breast Cancer
Conclusions
Further Reading

Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Introduction
Early Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Palliative Treatment in Elderly Lung Cancer Patients
Conclusion
Further Reading

Colorectal Cancer
Introduction
Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Metastatic Disease
Conclusion
Further Reading

Prostate Cancer
Introduction and General Background
Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer in Senior Adult Patients
Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Senior Adult Patients
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Further Reading

Bladder Cancer
Incidence and Mortality
Etiology and Risk Factors
Pathology
Natural History and Tumor Biology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging, Cystoscopy, and Urinary Cytopathology
Staging
Treatment of NMIBC
Surgical Treatment
Radiotherapy
Organ-Sparing Treatments
Systemic Chemotherapy
Prognosis of BC
Follow-Up
Further Reading

Gynecological Cancer in the Senior Patient
Introduction
Cervical Cancer
Uterine Cancer
Special Types of Endometrial Malignancy
Vaginal Cancer
Vulvar Cancer
Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Conclusion
Further Reading

Head and Neck Cancer in the Elderly
Introduction
Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Targeted Therapies
Conclusion
Further Reading

Renal Cell Cancer
Introduction
Surgery in the Senior Cancer Patient
Systemic Therapy of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Senior Cancer Patient
Patient-Focused Approach
Conclusion
Further Reading

Psychological Problems in Older Cancer Patients
Introduction
Depression
Anxiety
Conclusions
Further Reading

Social and Ethical Aspects
Introduction
Respect
Admiration
Attention
Information
Protection
Diagnosis
Care
Time
Caution
Freedom
Further Reading

The Role of the Multidisciplinary Team
Introduction
The Assessment of Age
Polypharmacy
Management of the Caregiver
Function of the Team
Conclusions and Perspectives
Further Reading