Textbook of Diabetes

Richard I.G. Holt, MA, MB BChir, PhD, FRCP, FHEA Professor in Diabetes & Endocrinology, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton, UK Clive S. Cockram, MB BS, BSc, MD (Lond), FRCP, FRACP, FHKAM (Med) Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China Allan Flyvbjerg, MD, DMSc Professor of Clinical Endocrinology and Chair, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, The Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital - Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Barry J. Goldstein, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE Therapeutic Area Head, Diabetes and Obesity, Vice President, Clinical Research, Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA

List of Contributors, ix Preface to the Fourth Edition, xiii Foreword, xv List of Abbreviations, xvi Part 1 Diabetes in its Historical and Social Context 1 The History of Diabetes Mellitus, 3 Robert B. Tattersall 2 The Classifi cation and Diagnosis of Diabetes, 24 K. George M.M. Alberti 3 Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes, 31 Lars C. Stene, Valma Harjutsalo, Elena Moltchanova & Jaakko Tuomilehto 4 Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes, 45 Ronald C.W. Ma & Peter C.Y. Tong 5 The Global Burden of Diabetes, 69 Mohammed K. Ali, Mary Beth Weber & K.M. Venkat Narayan Part 2 Normal Physiology 6 Islet Function and Insulin Secretion, 87 Peter M. Jones & Shanta J. Persaud 7 Insulin Action, 104 Xuxia Wu & W. Timothy Garvey 8 Control of Weight: How Do We Get Fat? 126 George A. Bray Part 3 Pathogenesis of Diabetes 9 Type 1 Diabetes, 141 Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes, 141 Ahmed J. Delli, Helena Elding Larsson, Sten-A. Ivarsson & Ake Lernmark Other Disorders with Type 1 Phenotype, 152 Alice P.S. Kong & Juliana C.N. Chan 10 Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and -Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes, 160 Mazen Alsahli & John E. Gerich 11 Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes, 174 Hannele Yki-Jarvinen 12 The Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes: From Candidate Gene Biology to Genome-Wide Studies, 191 Martine Vaxillaire & Philippe Froguel 13 Metabolic Disturbances in Diabetes, 215 Adrian Vella & Robert A. Rizza 14 Obesity and Diabetes, 227 Hans Hauner Part 4 Other Types of Diabetes 15 Monogenic Causes of Diabetes, 245 Angus Jones & Andrew T. Hattersley 16 Drug-Induced Diabetes, 265 Neil J.L. Gittoes, John Ayuk & Robin E. Ferner 17 Endocrine Disorders that Cause Diabetes, 279 Neil A. Hanley 18 Pancreatic Diseases and Diabetes, 298 Ranjit Unnikrishnan & Viswanathan Mohan Part 5 Managing the Patient with Diabetes 19 Clinical Presentations of Diabetes, 313 Ee Lin Lim & Roy Taylor 20 The Aims of Diabetes Care, 323 Richard I.G. Holt & Barry J. Goldstein 21 Educating the Patient with Diabetes, 334 Carole Mensing & Barbara Eichorst 22 Lifestyle Issues: Diet, 346 Monika Toeller 23 Lifestyle Issues: Exercise, 358 Jane E. Yardley, Angela Alberga, Glen P. Kenny & Ronald J. Sigal 24 Social Aspects of Diabetes, 380 Brian M. Frier & Mark W.J. Strachan 25 Monitoring Diabetes, 399 Andrew J. Farmer 26 Drug Therapy: Special Considerations in Diabetes, 410 Bernard M.Y. Cheung & Robin E. Ferner Part 6 Treatment of Diabetes 27 Insulin and Insulin Treatment, 427 Stephen Gough & Parth Narendran 28 New Technologies for Insulin Administration and Glucose Monitoring, 440 Howard Wolpert & Judy Shih 29 Oral Antidiabetic Agents, 452 Clifford J. Bailey & Andrew J. Krentz 30 Non-Insulin Parenteral Therapies, 478 Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad & Ole Schmitz 31 How to Use Type 2 Diabetes Treatments in Clinical Practice: Combination Therapies, 494 Joseph A. Aloi & Anthony L. McCall 32 In-Hospital Treatment and Surgery in Patients with Diabetes, 514 Maggie Sinclair Hammersley & June James 33 Hypoglycemia in Diabetes, 528 Philip E. Cryer 34 Acute Metabolic Complications of Diabetes: Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemia, 546 Troels Krarup Hansen & Niels Moller Part 7 Microvascular Complications in Diabetes 35 Pathogenesis of Microvascular Complications, 555 Ferdinando Giacco & Michael Brownlee 36 Diabetic Retinopathy, 575 Peter H. Scanlon 37 Diabetic Nephropathy, 599 Sally M. Marshall & Allan Flyvbjerg 38 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, 615 Dan Ziegler Part 8 Macrovascular Complications in Diabetes 39 The Pathogenesis of Macrovascular Complications Including Atherosclerosis in Diabetes, 637 Riccardo Candido, Mark E. Cooper & Karin A.M. Jandeleit-Dahm 40 Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 657 Hypertension, 657 Peter M. Nilsson Dyslipidemia: Diabetes Lipid Therapies, 672 Adie Viljoen & Anthony S. Wierzbicki 41 Congestive Heart Failure, 684 Inga S. Thrainsdottir & Lars Ryden 42 Cerebrovascular Disease, 698 Colum F. Amory & Jesse Weinberger 43 Peripheral Vascular Disease, 710 Henrik H. Sillesen Part 9 Other Complications of Diabetes 44 Foot Problems in Patients with Diabetes, 727 Andrew J.M. Boulton 45 Sexual Function in Men and Woman with Diabetes, 743 David Price 46 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes, 760 Adil E. Bharucha & Michael Camilleri 47 The Skin in Diabetes, 774 Graham R. Sharpe & Paul D. Yesudian 48 Bone and Rheumatic Disorders in Diabetes, 789 Andrew Grey & Nicola Dalbeth 49 Psychologic Factors and Diabetes, 807 Christopher M. Ryan 50 Diabetes and Infections, 835 Clive S. Cockram & Nelson Lee Part 10 Diabetes in Special Groups 51 Diabetes in Childhood, 859 Christine Chan & Marian Rewers 52 Diabetes in Adolescence and Transitional Care, 875 Debbie Kralik & Maria Kambourakis 53 Diabetes in Pregnancy, 888 Anne Dornhorst & Anita Banerjee 54 Diabetes in Old Age, 922 Alan J. Sinclair 55 Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetes, 940 Robert C. Peveler & Richard I.G. Holt Part 11 Delivery and Organization of Diabetes Care 56 The Role of Community and Specialist Services, 959 Jane Overland, Margaret McGill & Dennis K. Yue 57 The Role of the Multidisciplinary Team, 969 Wing-Yee So & Juliana C.N. Chan 58 Models of Diabetes Care Across Different Resource Settings, 984 Naomi S. Levitt, Bob Mash, Nigel Unwin, Jean Claude Mbanya, Jae-Hyoung Cho & Kun-Ho Yoon Part 12 Future Directions 59 Future Drug Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes, 1001 Helena Elding Larsson, Ahmed J. Delli, Sten-A. Ivarsson & Ake Lernmark 60 Future Drug Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes, 1017 Clifford J. Bailey 61 Other Future Directions, 1045 Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetes, 1045 Shuibing Chen, Jayaraj Rajagopal, Qiao Zhou & Douglas A. Melton Islet Transplantation, 1050 Angela Koh, Peter Senior & A.M. James Shapiro Gene Therapy, 1064 Andreea R. Barbu & Nils Welsh 62 Future Models of Diabetes Care, 1070 Robert A. Gabbay & Alan M. Adelman Index, 1081