Tinnitus

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. David Baguley, Consultant Clinical Scientist and Head of Audiology at Cambridge University Hospitals, and Visiting Professor at Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK. Professor Gerhard Andersson, Professor of Clinical Psychology at Linköping University in the Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Clinical Psychologist at Linköping University Hospital in the Department of Audiology and Guest Researcher at the Karolinska Institute in the Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Stockholm, Sweden. Mr. Don McFerran, Consultant ENT Surgeon at Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK. Also immediate Past-Chair of the British Tinnitus Association Professional Advisory Board. Dr. Laurence McKenna, Clinical Psychologist at the Royal National Throat Nose & Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals; Clinical Psychologist at the South Maudsley NHS Trust and Honorary Lecturer at the UCL Ear Institute, London, UK. Also member of the British Tinnitus Association Professional Advisory Board.

Foreword vii

Preface ix

1 Introduction 1

2 Prevalence and natural history 7

3 Anatomy and physiology 18

4 Mechanisms of tinnitus 29

5 Medical models of tinnitus 43

6 Objective correlates of tinnitus 67

7 Consequences and moderating factors 81

8 Psychological models of tinnitus 102

9 The Jastreboff neurophysiological model 110

10 How tinnitus is perceived and measured 114

11 Self-report and interview measures of tinnitus severity and impact 122

12 Hyperacusis 133

13 Traditional treatments 148

14 Tinnitus retraining therapy 168

15 A cognitive behavioural treatment programme 175

16 Emerging treatment approaches 191

17 Complementary medicine approaches to tinnitus 200

18 Tinnitus and hyperacusis in childhood and adolescence 208

19 Special populations 215

20 A multidisciplinary synthesis 221

Appendix 1 A treatment protocol for use in primary care, audiology and otolaryngology 225

Appendix 2 Cognitive behaviour therapy 237

References 243

Index 303