Advances in Automotive Control 1995 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Advances in Automotive Control 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 6
CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS & VALIDATION OF MEAN VALUE MODELS FOR SIIC-ENGINES
1. INTRODUCTION 10
2. SYMBOLS 10
3. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 10
4. THE MEAN VALUE MODEL 11
5. CONCLUSIONS 15
6. REFERENCES 15
CHAPTER 2. MULTI-VARIABLE EXPERIMENT DESIGN TO IMPROVE ENGINE MAPPING 16
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. DESCRIPTION OF ENGINE AND INSTRUMENTATION 16
3. EXPERIMENT DESIGN 17
4. TEST RESULTS 18
5. IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTROL STRATEGIES 19
6. CONCLUSION 20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 20
REFERENCES 20
CHAPTER 3. OBSERVER BASED AIR-FUEL RATIO CONTROL 22
1 Introduction 22
2 AFR Control Strategy 22
3 Controller Algorithm 23
4 Experimental Results 26
5 Summary 27
Acknowledgements 28
References 28
Chapter 4. Estimation of In-Cylinder-Pressure Torque from Angular Speed by Kalman Filtering 30
1. Abstract 30
2. Introduction 30
3. Kalman Filter 30
4. State Space Model of Angular Speed 31
5. Error Model 32
6. Conclusion 34
References 34
Chapter 5. Observer based Throttle valve control for drive by wire and idle control 36
ABSTRACT 36
INTRODUCTION 36
MAGNETI MARELLI DRIVE BY WIRE SYSTEM 36
THROTTLE ACTUATOR 37
PID CONTROLLER 40
OBSERVER BASED CONTROLLER 40
OBSERVER BASED CONTROLLER WITH DERIVATIVE ACTION 40
REFERENCE FILTER 40
CHAPTER 6. DIGITAL CONTROLLER WITH OBSERVER 41
SLIDING MODE REFERENCE FILTER 41
LINEAR REFERENCE FILTER 41
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONTROL ALGORITHMON THE MICROCONTROLLER 41
REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER 7. AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT FOR MODEL BASED ENGINE CONTROLLER DESIGN 44
l.INTRODUCTON 44
2. THE ENVIRONMENT CASIMIR 45
3. THE ENGINE MODEL 47
4. CONCLUSIONS 50
REFERENCES 50
CHAPTER 8.OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A NORMAL FORCE CONTROLLER 52
1. INTRODUCTION 52
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION AND MOTIVATION 52
3. CONTROLLER SET POINT FOR t 53
4. H8 OPTIMAL CONTROL DESIGN 54
5. SIMULATION RESULTS 55
6. CONCLUSIONS 55
7. REFERENCES 55
Chapter 9. Fuzzy and neuro control for semi–active and active suspension 58
1. INTRODUCTION 58
2. SUSPENSION MODELLING 58
3. FUZZY CONTROLLER 59
4. OPTIMIZATION OF THE FUZZY CONTROLLER 60
5. NEURO-CONTROLLER 61
6. CONCLUSION 62
REFERENCES 62
Acknoledgements 62
CHAPTER 10. A STUDY OF LOW BANDWIDTH ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2. PHYSICAL COMPONENT CONSIDERATION 65
3. ACTUATOR MODEL 65
4. MODELLING OF VEHICLE DYNAMICS 66
5. SUSPENSION AND SELF-LEVELLING CONTROLLER 66
6. SIMULATION STUDIES 67
7. CONCLUSIONS 67
8. REFERENCES 68
CHAPTER 11. SLIDING MODE CONTROL FOR ACTIVE STEERING OF CARS 70
Abstract 70
PROBLEM STATEMENT 70
1. DYNAMIC MODEL 70
2. IDEAL ACTIVE STEERING CONTROL 71
3. REAL-LIFE ACTIVE STEERING CONTROL 73
4. CONCLUSIONS 75
5. REFERENCES 75
CHAPTER 12. ACHIEVABLE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ACTIVE SUSPENSIONS IN BOUNCE AND ROLL 76
1. INTRODUCTION 76
2. THE HALF CAR MODEL 76
3. THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE ROLL MODEL 78
4. PERFORMANCE LIMITATIONS 80
5. CONTROLLER DESIGN 81
6. FURTHER WORK 82
7. CONCLUSIONS 82
8. REFERENCES 82
APPENDIX 83
Chapter 13. Supervision of Lateral Vehicle Motion Using a Discrete Parity Space Approach 84
1. INTRODUCTION 84
2. MODEL OF THE VEHICLE DYNAMICS 84
3. PARITY SPACE DESIGN 85
4. APPLICATION 86
5. RESULTS 87
6. CONCLUSION 88
REFERENCES 88
CHAPTER 14. MBS MODELLING, NON-LINEAR SIMULATION AND LINEAR ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR INTEGRATED VEHICLE CONTROL 90
1 INTRODUCTION 90
2 VEHICLE MODELLING AND ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS 91
3 ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATION TO ILTIS JEEP 91
4 CONCLUSIONS 95
5 REFERENCES 95
CHAPTER 15. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MECHATRONIC VEHICLES BASED ON MBS CODES 96
1. INTRODUCTION 96
2. SIMPACK - BASIC ELEMENTS AND CAE INTERFACES 97
3. MULTI-OBJECTIVE PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION USING SIMPACK MODELS 98
4. DESIGN CASE STUDIES WITH THE ILTIS VEHICLE 99
5. CONCLUSIONS 101
6. REFERENCES 101
Chapter 16. Architectural Trends in Automotive Electronics 102
1 Abstract 102
2 Introduction 102
3 Distributed architectures 102
4 Operating systems 103
5 Enhancement of ìC performance 104
6 Open Systems in Automotive Networks 106
7 Design 107
8 Artificial intelligence in automotive systems 110
9 Summary 111
10 References 112
CHAPTER 17. MODEL OF A CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 114
1. INTRODUCTION 114
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 115
3. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE CVT 115
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 118
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 119
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 120
7. NOMENCLATURE 121
7. REFERENCES 122
CHAPTER 18. HIERARCHICAL CONTROL STRUCTURES FOR HYBRID VEHICLES -MODELLING, SIMULATION, AND OPTIMIZATION1 124
1. INTRODUCTION 124
2. DSL AND CAMeL 125
3. HYBRID VEHICLE DRIVE TRAINS 125
4. SERIAL HYBRID DRIVE TRAIN 126
5. CONVENTIONAL DRIVE TRAIN AND PARALLEL HYBRID DRIVE TRAIN 127
6. SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION 128
7. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 129
REFERENCES 129
CHAPTER 19. BLUE ANGEL", THE FUTURE MOBILITY ? PRESENTATION OF A HYBRID PROJECT 130
1. INTRODUCTION 130
2. THE CURRENT CONCEPT 131
3. THE ACHIEVED RESULTS AND RECORDS 133
4. THE FUTURE CONCEPT 134
5. CONCLUSIONS 134
6. REFERENCES 135
7. APPENDIX 135
CHAPTER 20. OPERATING MODES AND CONTROL ASPECTS FOR A SPECIAL HYBRID DRIVETRAIN 136
1. INTRODUCTION 136
2. THE OPERATING MODES OF THE DRIVELINE 136
3. OPERATING STRATEGIES 137
4. THE CONTROL CONCEPT 137
5. SIMULATION RESULTS 140
6. CONCLUSION 140
7. Acknowledgements 141
8. Nomenclatura 141
9. REFERENCES 141
CHAPTER 21. CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE ETH HYBRID VEHICLE 142
1. INTRODUCTION 142
2. THE CONCEPT OF THE ETH HYBRID CAR 142
3. OPERATING MODES 143
4. CONTROL STRATEGIES 144
5. SPECIFICATION METHOD CIP 145
6. CONTROL SYSTEM 145
7. VERIFICATION OF THE CONTROL STRATEGIES 146
8. CONCLUSIONS 147
9. REFERENCES 147
CHAPTER 22. ON-BOARD FAULT IDENTIFICATION IN AN AUTOMOBILE FULLY-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM 148
1. INTRODUCTION 148
2. THE FULLY-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM 149
3. FAULT TYPES AND THE FAULT IDENTIFICATION UNIT 149
4. NEAREST NEIGHBOR BASED DESIGN 150
5. ROBUST GEOMETRIC DESIGN 151
6. CONCLUSIONS 152
Acknowledgements 153
7. REFERENCES 153
CHAPTER 23. ON-BOARD DIAGNOSIS OF ENGINE FAULTS 154
1. INTRODUCTION 154
2. NONLINEAR PARITY EQUATIONS 154
3. ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS 155
4. RESULTS 156
5. MISFIRE DETECTION 157
6. CONCLUSION 159
REFERENCES 159
CHAPTER 24. ADVANCED POWERTRAIN CONTROL STRATEGIES 160
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. CONTROL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 161
3. ENGINE IDENTIFICATION TESTS AND SYSTEM MODELLING 162
4. CONTROLLER DESIGN 162
5. CONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION 165
6. CONCLUSIONS 165
REFERENCES 165
CHAPTER 25. APPLICATION OF H8CONTROL DESIGN TO SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH 166
1. INTRODUCTION 166
2. OVERVIEW OF TORQUE CONVERTER CLUTCH CONTROL SYSTEM 167
3. DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM 168
4. CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN BASED ON H8CONTROL THEORY 169
5. ON-VEfflCLE EVALUATION RESULTS FOR SLIP CONTROL SYSTEM 171
6. CONCLUSIONS 171
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 171
7. REFERENCES 171
CHAPTER 26. MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF AN SCR-CATALYST FOR THE NOx-REDUCTION OF DIESEL-ENGINES 172
1. Emission Reduction with Diesel-Vehicles 172
2. The Urea-SCR-(Selective-Catalytic-Reduction) Procedure for Diesel-Engines 173
3. The Catalyst-Temperature Model 174
4. Reaction-Kinetic Model 176
5. Summary 177
CHAPTER 27. SENSOR PLACEMENT FOR DRIVELINE CONTROL 178
1. INTRODUCTION 178
2. AN n-INERTIA DRIVELINE MODEL 178
3. TRANSFER FUNCTIONS 179
4. SOME FEEDBACK PROPERTIES 180
5. DESIGNS 181
6. CONCLUSIONS 182
7. REFERENCES 182
Chapter 28. Parameter Estimation in Analytical Models of Automotive Vehicles and Fault Diagnosis 184
1 Introduction 184
2 Car Lateral Dynamics Modeling 185
3 State Equations Summary 187
4 Problem Formulation 189
6 On-line Algorithms and Results 193
7 Conclusion 194
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 29. A ROBUST LINEAR DESIGN OF AN UNCERTAINTWO-MASS SYSTEM WITH BACKLASH 198
Introduction 198
1. The Physical Model 199
2. Disturbance Torque due to Backlash 199
3. Design Example 201
4. Conclusions 202
5. REFERENCES 202
CHAPTER 30. VEHICLE CONTROL ISSUES IN INTELLIGENTVEHICLE HIGHWAY SYSTEMS 204
1. INTRODUCTION 204
2. CONTROL SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 205
3. LONGITUDINAL CONTROL 205
4. LATERAL CONTROL 207
5. COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS 209
6. FIELD TESTING 209
7. CONCLUSIONS 210
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 210
REFERENCES 210
CHAPTER 31. DYNAMIC NONLINEAR CONTROLFOR A PLATOON OF CARS 212
1. INTRODUCTION 212
2. MODELLING 212
3. FEEDBACK CONTROL DESIGN 214
4. SIMULATION RESULTS 216
5. CONCLUSION 217
6. REFERENCES 217
Chapter 32. Nonlinear distance and cruise controlfor passenger cars 218
1. INTRODUCTION 218
2. MODEL OF LONGITUDINAL MOTION 218
3. CONTROLLER SELECTION 220
4. FUZZY-LOGIC CONTROLLER 221
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 222
6. CONCLUSION 223
7. NOMENCLATURA 223
8. REFERENCES 223
CHAPTER 33. SYSTEM COMPONENTS FOR DRIVER SUPPORT BY EVALUATION OF IMAGE SEQUENCES 224
1. INTRODUCTION 224
2. DESCRIPTION OF A DRIVING MISSION 224
3. MODELLING OF TRAFFIC SITUATIONS 225
4. OBSTACLE DETECTION 226
5. A DRIVER'S WARNING ASSISTANT 227
6. CONCLUSIONS 227
7. REFERENCES 228
CHAPTER 34. SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE GYRO SENSORSFOR AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS 230
1. INTRODUCTION 230
2. AREAS OF APPLICATION OF GYRO SENSORS 230
3. MODE OF OPERATION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE (SAW) DEVICES 231
4. SAW DEVICES FOR APPLICATIONS IN SENSORS 231
5. GYRO SENSORS 232
6. FEM COMPUTER SIMULATION OF THE GYRO SENSOR 234
7. CONCLUSION 235
REFERENCES 235
CHAPTER 35. ON SOME ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNIQUES 236
1. INTRODUCTION 236
2. THE PSRMC APPROACH 236
3. THE EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION 239
4. CONCLUSION 240
6. REFERENCES 240
AUTHOR INDEX 242