Skill Based Automated Manufacturing (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Skill Based automated Manufacturing 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
IFAC Workshop on Skill Based Automated Manufacturing 6
Preface 8
PART I: SKILL BASED FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 12
CHAPTER 1. JOB STRUCTURE AND WORK CONTENT IN A FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM: ANALYSIS OF A CASE FROM THE FINNISH ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 12
Abstract 12
Keywords 12
INTRODUCTION 12
DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM 12
ORGANIZATION OF WORK AND DIVISION OF LABOR IN FMS 13
NATURE OF WORK AND WORK CONTENT 13
IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE 13
EXPERIENCE FROM THE USE OF THE SYSTEM 13
NEEDS OF DEVELOPMENT 14
CONCLUSIONS 14
REFERENCES 14
CHAPTER 2. DEVELOPMENT OF WORK IN FMS — CASE STUDY ON NEW MANPOWER STRATEGY 18
Abstract 18
Keywords 18
INTRODUCTION: TWO MANPOWER STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF FMS-WORK 18
A CASE OF THE NEW STRATEGY: A FINNISH FMS-IMPLEMENTATION 19
RESEARCH INTERVENTION: DEVELOPMENTAL WORK RESEARCH 19
NEW SKILL REQUIREMENTS OF FMS-WORK 20
OUTLINES OF INSTRUCTIONAL INTERVENTION 20
SOME PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS 21
REFERENCES 22
CHAPTER 3. FLEXIBLE SKILLS FOR FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING 24
Abstract 24
INTRODUCTION 24
BACKGROUND TO THE RESEARCH 24
EXPERIENCE WITH FMS IN THE UK 24
EMPLOYMENT IMPLICATIONS 25
LEVELS OF EMPLOYMENT 25
INDIRECT/DIRECT SPLIT 25
SKILL PATTERNS 26
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS 26
WORK ORGANISATION 26
CONCLUSIONS 26
ACKNOWLE DGEMENTS 26
REFERENCES 26
CHAPTER 4. HUMAN WORK DESIGN CRITERIA AND THE DESIGN PROCESS: THE DEVIL IN THE DETAIL 28
Abstract 28
Keywords 28
INTRODUCTION 28
THE DESIGN OF MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS 28
THE DESIGN PROCESS 28
THE UMIST PROJECT HUMAN WORK DESIGN CRITERIA 29
THE DEVIL IN THE DETAIL 30
DESIGN & THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
THE DESIGN OF HUMAN CENTRED TECHNOLOGY 31
REFERENCES 31
CHAPTER 5. PROSPECTIVE EVALUATION OF WORKING TASKS IN A FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM 34
Abstract 34
Keywords 34
INTRODUCTION 34
SUBJECT 34
METHODS 35
RESULTS 36
CONCLUSION 37
REFERENCES 38
PART II: WORK CONCEPTS FOR THE TECHNICAL OFFICE 40
CHAPTER 6. THE KEY FUNCTION OF CAD TRAINING FOR SCOPE AND CONTENTS OF WORK 40
Abstract 40
Keywords 40
1. COGNITIVE ACTIVITIES IN CAD WORK 40
2. CAD COURSES 40
3. OPERATIVE IMAGE SYSTEMS OF THE COMPUTER 41
4. EDITOR OPERATION SKILLS OR BASICK NOWLEDGE OF CAD TECHNOLOGY 42
5. CONTRASTIVE TASK ANALYSIS 42
6.SUBSUMPTIVE OR COMPLEMENTARY INTERACTION 43
7. THE KEY FUNCTION OF CAD TRAINING 43
REFERENCES 45
CHAPTER 7. ORGANISATION FORMS AND WORK SEQUENCES IN CAD USAGE 46
ABSTRACT 46
KEYWORDS 46
1. INTRODUCTION 46
2. NEW TASKS, NEW EXPERTS 47
3. SEPARATION OF DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION? 48
4. CAD APPLICATION: CONCEPTS OF USAGE AND ORGANISATION 49
5. PROBLEM AREAS: ACTIVITY PATTERN AND STRESS 51
REFERENCE 52
PART III: POLICIES FOR AUTOMATED PRODUCTION 54
CHAPTER 8. FMS — FLEXIBILITY FOR MAN AND SYSTEM 54
Abstract 54
Keywords 54
INTRODUCTION 54
WORKING TASKS AT IMS 54
CASE STUDIES 55
CONCLUSION 56
REFERENCES 57
CHAPTER 9. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES OF MANUFACTURING CONTROL SYSTEMS 58
Abstract 58
Keywords 58
INITIAL PROBLEM 58
WHAT CAN FIRMS DO? 59
THE BASIC APPROACH 60
THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 60
THE IMPACT ON JOB DESIGN 60
OPTIMIZATION OR SIMULATION 61
THE IMPACT ON THE PRODUCTION 61
CONCLUSION 62
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER 10. FACTORY OF THE FUTURE/FACTORY OF THE PAST: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY COMES TO LYNN 64
The New Techology 64
Factory of the Future/Factory of the Past 66
Ratification and Rejection 67
Conclusions 67
PART IV: SKILL BASED FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY 70
CHAPTER 11. DEVELOPMENT OF WORK WITHIN FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY 70
Abstract 70
Keywords 70
INTRODUCTION: NEW PRODUCTION STRATEGY AND ASSEMBLY WORK 70
THE CRISIS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY: DEVELOPMENT OF FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION 71
A SMALL PRODUCER: SPECIALIZATION IN AN EXPENSIVE SEGMENT 71
DEVELOPMENT TENSIONS OF ASSEMBLY WORK 72
THE FIRM'S DEVELOPMENT SOLUTIONS AND THEIR PROBLEMS 73
DEVELOPMENTAL WORK RESEARCH: PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ASSEMBLY WORK 73
RESEARCH GROUP 74
REFERENCES 74
CHAPTER 12. HUMAN FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF A FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY CELL 76
Abstract 76
Keywords 76
INTRODUCTION 76
ESPRIT PROJECT 534 76
HUMAN FACTORS DESIGN CRITERIA 77
INTEGRATING HUMAN FACTORS CRITERIA INTO THE DESIGN PROCESS 78
THE DESIGN PROCESS MODEL AS A FRAMEWORK 78
WHAT NEXT 79
CONCLUSION 80
REFERENCES 80
CHAPTER 13. FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY SYSTEM WITH AGVS AND INTEGRATED SUPPLY OF MATERIALS 82
Abstract 82
Keywords 82
INTRODUCTION 82
CONCEPTUAL FORMULATION 82
PLANNING PROCEDURE 83
ASSEMBLY SYSTEM REALIZED 83
LAYOUT 84
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 84
SUPPLY OF MATERIALS 85
WORKERS 86
SIMULATION ACCOMPANYING THE PLANNING PROCESS 86
WIDER-RANGE PROJECT RESULTS 87
REFERENCES 87
PART V: WORK CONCEPTS FOR STEEL PRODUCTION 88
CHAPTER 14. THE EVALUATION OF THE DECISION-MAKING HUMAN BEHAVIOR WITHIN A MAN/AUTOMATION SYSTEM 88
Abstract 88
Keywords 88
INTRODUCTION 88
DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF MENTAL EFFORT IN HUMAN/AUTOMATION SYSTEMS 88
THE CONTEXT: THE HUMAN/AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN STEELWORKS COORDINATION 89
THE DESCRIPTION OF THE STEELWORKS CO-ORDINATOR'S DECISION MAKING BEHAVIOR 89
THE EVALUATION OF THE STEELWORKS CO-ORDINATOR·S DECISION-MAKING BEHAVIOR 90
THE RESULTS 91
CONCLUSIONS 92
REFERENCES 92
CHAPTER 15. GROUP WORK AND WORKSTATION-RELATED WORKERS' PARTICIPATION AS MODERNISATION STRATEGY IN TIMES OF CRISIS 94
Abstract 94
Keywords 94
WORLD MARKET CHANGES AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSE 94
CONSEQUENCES OF RESTRUCTURING INSIDE THE FIRM 94
GROUP WORK AND WORKERS' PARTICIPATION IN A COLD-ROLLING MILL 95
CONCLUSION 98
REFERENCES 98
PART VI: MAN'S NEW ROLE IN PRODUCTION 100
CHAPTER 16. WORKERS' FUTURE ROLE IN THE COMPUTERIZED ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 100
Abstract 100
Keywords 100
CHANGES WITHIN THE ENGINEERING INDUSTRY 100
INTEGRATED PRODUCTION AND COMPUTERIZED MANUFACTURING 100
ORGANIZATION OF NC PLANNING AND MANUFACTURING 101
SUMMARY OF NEW PITFALLS AND OPPORTUNITIES 102
AIRCRAFT-INDUSTRY CASE STUDY 103
CONCLUSIONS 105
REFERENCES 105
CHAPTER 17. TYPOGRAPHERS AND CARPENTERS AS DESIGNERS — LESSONS FROM TWO PROJECTS DESIGNING SKILL BASED TECHNOLOGY 108
Abstract 108
Keywords 108
THE UTOPIA AND CARPENTRY SHOP PROJECTS 108
QUALITY OF WORK AND PRODUCT IN NEWSPAPERS AND CARPENTRY SHOPS 109
DESIGNING FOR SKILL-PERSPECTIVE AND PRINCIPLES 109
DESIGN METHODS 111
CONCLUSIONS 113
CHAPTER 18. TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT, WORK ORGANISATION, AND EMPLOYEES IN AUTOMATED MANUFACTURING 114
Abstract 114
Keywords 114
INTRODUCTION 114
SELECTION OF CASE STUDIES 115
SKILL PROFILES 116
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS 117
CONCLUSIONS 117
REFERENCES 118
CHAPTER 19. IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES — MANAGERIAL OBJECTIVES AND INTERESTS 120
Abstract 120
Keywords 120
INTRODUCTION 120
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS 120
A CASE STUDY 121
MANAGERIAL INTERESTS AND OBJECTIVES 121
REQUIREMENTS FOR ALTERNATIVE POLICIES 123
REFERENCES 123
CHAPTER 20. THE TRANSFER OF CULTURALLY-SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGIES TO AUSTRALIA 124
Abstract 124
Keywords 124
INTRODUCTION 124
THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF CULTURALLY SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGIES 124
THE INCREASING INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND ORGANIZATIONS 125
OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN AUSTRALIA 126
POLICIES FOR CHANGE: LEARNING FROM LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE 126
CHAPTER 21. SUMMING UP THE WORKSHOP 128
Abstract 128
Keywords 128
INTRODUCTION 128
STRATEGIC OPTIONS FOR FUTURE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS 129
HOW TO FIND A GOOD PRODUCTION CONCEPT 130
HOW TO DESIGN HUMAN CENTRED SYSTEMS 131
HOW TO ACQUIRE NEW SKILLS 132
CONCLUSION: STATE OF THE ART AND WORK TO BE DONE 133
Author Index 134