Distributed Computer Control Systems 1994 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Distributed Computer Control Systems 1994 (DCCS'94) 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 6
IFAC WORKSHOP ON DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 1994 4
FOREWORD 5
CHAPTER 1. INTEGRATION OF TEMPORAL MECHANISMS IN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS FOR TIME-CRITICAL DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 10
1. INTRODUCTION AND RELATED WORK 11
2. TIME WINDOWS AND DATA VALIDITY 11
3. TEMPORAL QUALIFICATION OF DATA 11
4. COMMUNICATION-ORIENTED OPERATIONS SCHEDULING 13
5. CONCLUSION 15
6. REFERENCES 15
CHAPTER 2. COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURES FOR DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 16
1. INTRODUCTION 16
2. BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF DCCS 16
3. REQUIREMENTS AND EFFECTS ON SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 17
4. CONVENTIONAL USE OF STANDARDIZED PROTOCOLS 18
5. MULTICAST CONCEPTS FOR DCCS 19
6. CONCLUSION 21
7. REFERENCES 21
CHAPTER 3. A COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE FOR A FAULT TOLERANT DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME SYSTEM 22
1. INTRODUCTION 22
2. REQUIREMENTS 22
3. SOME FUNDAMENTAL CONFLICTS 24
4. A SURVEY OF SOME MEDIA ACCESS PROTOCOLS 24
5. A COMMUNICATION NFRASTRUCTURE 26
6. CONCLUSIONS 27
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 27
8. REFERENCES 27
CHAPTER 4. A PRIORITY-BASED ROTOCOL FOR THE 802.3 NETWORK 28
1. INTRODUCTION 28
2. MODEL 28
3. Window Protocol 28
4. A PRIORITY-DRIVEN MAC PROTOCOL FOR THE 802.3 NETWORK 29
5. CONCLUSION 31
References 31
CHAPTER 5. A HIGH-PRECISION TIME PROCESSOR FOR DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 32
1. INTRODUCTION 32
2. CONCEPT OF ALARM JOBS 32
3. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM 33
4. HIGH-PRECISION TIMER 33
5. SYSTEM INTEGRATION 36
6. ASSESSMENT 36
7. CONCLUSION 36
8. REFERENCES 37
CHAPTER 6. CALCULATING CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK (CAN) MESSAGE RESPONSE TIMES 38
1. INTRODUCTION 38
2. ANALYSIS OF A SIMPLE CAN MODEL 40
3. EXTENDING THE MODEL: ERROR HANDLING AND 'RTR' MESSAGES 41
4. CONCLUSIONS 42
5. REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER 7. DISTRIBUTED SYNCHRONOUS PROCESSES FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS 44
1. INTRODUCTION 44
2. THE SYNCHRONOUS APPROACH TO REAL-TIME REACTIVE SYSTEMS 45
3. THE FIP ARCHITECTURE 45
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED REACTIVE SYSTEMS 46
5. CONCLUSION 47
6. REFERENCES 48
CHAPTER 8. AUTOMATED DESIGN OF DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH PREDICTABLE TIMING BEHAVIOUR* 50
1. INTRODUCTION 50
2. AUTOMATED DESIGN 50
3. TOOL 53
4. FIRST RESULTS 54
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 54
6. REFERENCES 54
CHAPTER 9. AN ARCHITECTURE FOR REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED AI-BASED CONTROL SYSTEMS. 56
1. INTRODUCTION 56
2. DISTRIBUTED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 56
3. TOWARDS A NEW ARCHITECTURE 58
4. THE DENIS ARCHITECTURE 60
5. CONCLUSIONS 61
REFERENCES 61
CHAPTER 10. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL ARCHITECTURE FOR MOBILE ROBOT OPERATION IN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTS 62
1. INTRODUCTION 62
2. DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE 62
3. THE SUPERVISOR SEQUENTIAL CONTROLLER 63
4. THE OPERATOR COMMUNICATION CONTROLLER. 64
5. NAVIGATION 65
6. SPECIAL OPERATIONS 66
7. CONCLUSIONS 66
8. REFERENCES 67
CHAPTER 11. DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME DATABASE APPROACH FOR DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 68
1. COMPUTER CONTROLLED SYSTEMS 68
2. INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS 68
3. DATA CLASSIFICATION 69
4. RESTRICTIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 69
5. DATABASE DESCRIPTION 69
6. CONSISTENCY 72
7. DEADLOCK 73
8. CONCLUSIONS 73
9. REFERENCES 73
CHAPTER 12. OPEN SYSTEMS IN DISTRIBUTED INDUSTRIAL CONTROL - A CRITICAL REVIEW - 74
1. INTRODUCTION 74
2. INTERACTION IN AN OPEN ENVIRONMENT 74
3. INTERFACING EXTERNAL COMPONENTS 76
4. CONCLUSION 79
5. REFERENCES 79
CHAPTER 13. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL OF ASSEMBLY CELLS BASED ON VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING DEVICE MODEL 80
1. INTRODUCTION 80
2. MAP AND MMS 82
3. THE VIRTUAL MANUFACTURING DEVICE 82
4. THE ROBOT VMD AND THE SENSOR VMD OBJECTS 84
5. CONCLUSION 85
6. REFERENCES 85
CHAPTER 14. AN HETEROGENEOUS AND DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE BASED ON A REFLECTIVE MEMORY INTERCONNECTION NETWORK 86
1. INTRODUCTION 86
2. A REFLECTIVE MEMORY INTERCONNECTION NETWORK 87
3. THE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL 88
4. DISCUSSION 88
5. A REAL WORLD TEST CASE 89
6. CONCLUSION 89
7. REFERENCES 90
CHAPTER 15. HETEROGENEOUS ARCHITECTURES FOR REAL-TIME CONTROL: DESIGN TOOLS AND SCHEDULING ISSUES 92
1. INTRODUCTION 92
2. HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND THE DESIGN TOOLS 92
3. TARGET HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM 94
4. SCHEDULING HEURISTICS 95
5. SCHEDULING RESULTS 95
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 96
7. FUTURE WORK 96
8. REFERENCES 96
CHAPTER 16. A TARGET CODE MODEL FOR INCREMENTAL PROTOTYPING 98
1. INTRODUCTION 98
2. TARGET CODE INTERFACE 99
3. CODE MODELS 99
4. IMPLEMENTATION 101
5. RELATED WORK 102
6. CONCLUSION 102
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 102
8. REFERENCES 102
CHAPTER 17. AN OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN METHOD FOR DISTRIBUTED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS 104
1. INTRODUCTION 104
2. FIRST DESIGN STEP. 105
3. SYSTEM SIMULATION 106
4. A DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLE. 107
5. CONCLUSIONS 108
6. REFERENCES 108
CHAPTER 18. GRAPHIC MODELISATION AND SIMULATION DESIGN TECHNIQUE INCLUDING TEMPORAL OPERATORS 110
1. INTRODUCTION 110
2. TEMPORAL SADT 111
3. FORMAL VALIDATION OF THE TEMPORAL SADT REPRESENTATION BY TEMPORAL PETRI NETS 111
4. EXAMPLE 113
5. CONCLUSIONS 114
6. REFERENCES 114
CHAPTER 19. COMPARING RTL AND FNLOG- TIMING PROPERTIES IN REAL-TIME SYSTEMS 116
1. INTRODUCTION 116
2. THE APPROACH 117
3. FNLOG 117
4. SPECIFICATION OF TIMING PROPERTIES 118
5. FNLOG SEMANTICS 119
6. VERIFICATION 119
7. COMPARING FNLOG AND RTL 119
8. CONCLUSION 120
8. REFERENCES 120
CHAPTER 20. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL USING A SERIAL COMMUNICATION LINK 122
1. INTRODUCTION 122
2. CONVENTIONAL DISTRIBUTED CONTROL 123
3. NEW SERIAL COMMUNICATION UNK 123
4. LINK ACCESS METHODS 124
5. REAL-TIME SERVICES 125
6. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXED ACCESS 125
7. CONCLUSION 126
8. REFERENCES 126
CHAPTER 21. REAL TIME DISTRIBUTED CONTROL APPLIED TO PROCESS SUPERVISION BY SFC ALGORITHMS 128
1. INTRODUCTION 128
2. FAULT FINDING FORMULATION 129
3. MODELING MAN-MACHINE INTERACTION PROBLEM 130
4. IMPLEMENTATION TASK 132
5. CONCLUSION 133
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 133
7. REFERENCES 133
CHAPTER 22. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS DEBUGGING BASED ON GLOBAL PREDICATES DETECTION 134
1. INTRODUCTION 134
2. SYSTEM MODEL 134
3. VECTOR TIME 136
4. GLOBAL STATES DETERMINATION BASED ON VECTOR TIMESTAMPS 137
5. GLOBAL PREDICATES 138
6. AN APPLICATION EXAMPLE 139
7. CONCLUSION 141
8. REFERENCES 141
CHAPTER 23. REPLICATION ISSUES IN THE MAP/MMS COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT 142
1. INTRODUCTION 142
2. FEATURES OF THE ORIGINAL ALGORITHM. 143
3. ALGORITHM ADAPTED TO THE COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL MODEL. 144
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ALGORITHM WITH MMS. 145
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 148
References 148
CHAPTER 24. SYSTEM MONITORING FOR A REAL TIME LOCAL AREA NETWORK* 150
1. INTRODUCTION 150
2. RT-LAN ARCHITECTURE 150
3. LAN PROTOCOLS 151
4. CENTRALIZED MONITOR 151
5. TRAFFIC GENERATOR 152
6. DISTRIBUTED MONITOR 152
7. USER INTERFACE 153
8. CONCLUSION 154
9. REFERENCES 154
CHAPTER 25. ANALYSIS ON THE USER'S RESPONSE TIME FOR MINI-MAP SYSTEMS 156
1. INTRODUCTION 156
2. SYSTEM MODEL 157
3. ANALYSIS OF THE USER'S RESPONSE TI.. 157
4. SIMULATION 159
5. CONCLUSION 160
6. REFERENCES 160
CHAPTER 26. ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL PROPERTIES OF DATA FLOW CONTROL SYSTEMS 162
1. INTRODUCTION 162
2. DATA FLOW NETWORKS FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS 163
3. FROM DATA FLOW NETS TO PETRI NETS 164
4. AN EXAMPLE OF TIMING ANALYSIS 164
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 167
6. REFERENCES 167
CHAPTER 27. A SIMULATOR FOR PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION OF OPEN DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS 168
1. INTRODUCTION 168
2. PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION OF COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM 168
3. MELSPEC 169
4, VARIOUS PHASES TO USE MELSPEC 172
5. EXAMPLE 172
6. CONCLUSION 173
7. REFERENCE 173
CHAPTER 28. STRUCTURING IN THE DESIGN OF REAL TIME DCCS APPLICATION TO AN INDUSTRIAL TRANSFER SYSTEM 174
1. INTRODUCTION. 174
2. THE AEC ARCHITECTURE. 174
3. APPLICATION 177
4. CONCLUSION 179
BIBLIOGRAPHY 179
CHAPTER 29. IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW QUALITY FLATNESS SENSOR IN THE DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM OF ROLLING MILLS 180
1. FLATNESS DEFECTS PROBLEM 180
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 181
3. DEFECTS MONITORING AND SUPERVISION 183
4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 184
5. REFERENCES 184
CHAPTER 30. A CASE TOOL FOR MODELING AND SIMULATING DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEMS BASED ON MMS 186
1. INTRODUCTION 186
2. THE MODEL 187
3. THE TOOL 187
4. AN EXAMPLE 189
5. CONCLUSIONS 189
6. REFERENCES 190
AUTHOR INDEX 192