Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging With MATLAB Algorithms (eBook)

Caner Özdemir, PhD, is Professor of the Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering at Mersin University and Dean of Faculty of Engineering at Zirve University. Professor Özdemir has performed extensive research in synthetic aperture radar imaging and has developed many novel methods used in inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging.

1. Basics of Fourier Analysis 11

1.1 Brief History of Fourier transform 11

1.2 Fourier transform rules and pairs 12

1.3 Time-frequency representation of a signal 15

1.4 Convolution and Multiplication using FT 18

1.5 Filtering/Windowing 18

1.6 Data Sampling 19

1.7 DFT and FFT 20

1.8 Aliasing 22

1.9 Importance of Fourier transform in radar imaging 22

1.10 Effect of aliasing in radar imaging 23

1.11 Matlab codes 25

2. Radar Fundamentals 33

2.1 Electromagnetic scattering 33

2.2 Scattering from PECs 35

2.3 Radar cross section 35

2.4 Radar range equation 39

2.5 Range of radar detection 43

2.6 Radar waveforms 45

2.7 Pulsed radar 52

2.8 Matlab codes 56

3. Synthetic Aperture Radar 66

3.1 SAR modes 67

3.2 SAR system design 67

3.3 Resolutions in SAR 68

3.4 SAR image formation: Range and Azimuth Compression 69

3.6 Azimuth compression 80

3.7 SAR imaging 83

3.8 Example of SAR imagery 84

3.9 Problems in SAR imaging 84

3.10 Advanced topics in SAR 86

3.11 Matlab Codes 88

4. Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging and Its Basic Concepts 98

4.1 SAR versus ISAR 98

4.2 The relation of scattered field to the image function in ISAR 100

4.3 One-dimensional range profile 101

4.4 One-dimensional cross-range profile 104

4.5 Two-dimensional ISAR image formation (small bandwidth, small angle) 106

4.6 Two-dimensional ISAR image formation (wide bandwidth, large angles) 118

4.7 Three-dimensional ISAR image formation 122

4.8 Matlab codes 127

5. Imaging Issues in ISAR 148

5.1 Fourier related issues 148

5.2 Image Aliasing 152

5.3 Polar reformatting revisited 153

5.4 Zero padding 155

5.5 Point spread function 156

5.6 Windowing 158

5.7 Matlab codes 162

6. Range-Doppler ISAR Processing 184

6.1 Scenarios for ISAR 184

6.2 ISAR waveforms for range-Doppler processing 188

6.3 Doppler shift's relation to cross-range 191

6.4 Forming the Range-Doppler image 193

6.5 ISAR receiver 194

6.6 Quadrature detector 196

6.7 Range Alignment 198

6.8 Defining the range-Doppler ISAR imaging parameters 199

6.9 Example of chirp-pulse based tange-Doppler ISAR imaging 203

6.10 Example of SFVW based range-Doppler ISAR imaging

6.11 Matlab codes 207

7. Scattering Center Representation of ISAR 213

7.1 Scattering/radiation center model 214

7.2 Extraction of Scattering centers 215

7.3 Matlab codes 222

8. Motion Compensation for ISAR 232

8.1 Doppler effect due to target motion 233

8.2 Standard MOCOMP procedures 234

8.3 Popular Motion Compensation techniques in ISAR 238

8.4 Matlab codes 250

9. Some Imaging Applications Based on ISAR 265

9.1 Imaging antenna-platform scattering: Antenna SAR (ASAR) 266

9.2 Imaging platform coupling between antennas: Antenna coupling (AC-SAR) 270

9.3 Imaging scattering from subsurface objects: Ground penetrating radar SAR (GPR-SAR) 273

Appendix 282