Real-Time UML

Bruce Powel Douglass is the Chief Evangelist for i-Logix, a leading producer of tools for real-time systems development. He contributed to the original specification of the UML and to the UML 2.0 as one of the co-chairs of the Object Management Group’s Real-Time Analysis and Design Working Group. Bruce consults for a number of companies and organizations, including NASA, on building large-scale, real-time, safety-critical systems. He is the author of seven other books, including Real-Time Design Patterns (Addison-Wesley, 2003) and Doing Hard Time (Addison-Wesley, 1999).

(Each chapter concludes with A Look Ahead and References.)

Figure List.


About the Author.


Foreword by David Harel.


Preface to the Second Edition.


Preface to the First Edition.


Acknowledgments.


1. Introduction to Real-Time Systems and Objects.


What is Special About Real-Time Systems?



Dealing with Time.



Model-Based Development.



Development Activities of the ROPES Process.



Advantages of Objects.



Object Orientation with UML.



Objects.



Attributes.



Behavior.



Messaging.



Concurrency.



Classes.



Relations among Classes and Objects.



UML Diagrams and Notation.



2. Requirements Analysis of Real-Time Systems.


Use Cases.



Actors.



Requirements.



Use Case Relations.



Using Use Cases.



Filling Out the Details of the Use Cases.



Scenarios.



Sequence Diagrams.



Message Properties.



Capturing Time and Timelines.



Statecharts and Use Cases.



Identifying Use Cases.



3. Analysis: Defining the Object Structure.


The Object Discovery Process.



Connecting the Object Model with the Use Case Model.



Key Strategies for Object-Identification.



Underline the Noun Strategy.



Identify the Casual Objects.



Identify Services (Passive Contributors).



Identify Real-World Items.



Identify Physical Devices.



Identify Key Concepts.



Identify Transactions.



Identify Persistent Information.



Identify Visual Elements.



Identify Control Elements.



Apply Scenarios.



Identifying Object Associations.



Object Attributes.



Discover Candidate Classes.



Class Diagrams.



Elevator Class Diagram Example.



Defining Class Relationships and Associations.



Associations.



Aggregations and Composition.



RTOS Example.



Associative Classes.



Generalization Relationships.



4. Analysis: Defining Object Behavior.


Object Behavior.



Simple Behavior.



State Behavior.



Continuous Behavior.



Defining Object State Behavior.



UML Statecharts.



Basic Statecharts.



And-States.



Submachines.



Inherited State Models.



Cardiac Pacemaker Example.



The Role of Scenarios in the Definition of Behavior.



Timing Diagrams.



Sequence Diagrams.



Event Hierarchies.



Defining Operations.



Types of Operations.



Strategies for Defining Operations.



5. Architectural Design.


Overview of Design.



What is Architectural Design?



Physical Architecture Issues.



Software Architecture Issues.



Representing Physical Architecture in UML.



Architectural Patterns.



Master-Slave Pattern.



Microkernel Pattern.



Proxy Pattern.



Broker Pattern.



Concurrency Design.



Representing Tasks.



System Task Diagram.



Concurrent State Diagrams.



Defining Threads.



Identifying Threads.



Assigning Objects to Threads.



Defining Thread Rendezvous.



Sharing Resources.



Assigning Priorities.



6. Mechanistic Design.


What is Mechanistic Design?



Mechanistic Design Patterns.



Simple Patterns.



Reuse Patterns.



7. Detailed Design.


What is Detailed Design?



Data Structure.



Data Collection Structure.



Associations.



Operations.



Visibility.



Algorithms.



Exceptions.



Summary.



Appendix A: Notational Summary.


Appendix B: The Future of the UML for Real-Time.


Index. 0201657848T04062001