Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback 2
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 18
Preface 20
Part I: General Principles and History 24
Chapter 1. An Overview of Quantitative EEG and Its Applications to Neurofeedback 26
I. Historical Overview 26
II. Basic Concepts of EEG 27
III. Clinical Applications of QEEG 41
IV. Summary 45
References 46
Chapter 2. EEG Database-Guided Neurotherapy 52
I. Introduction 52
II. Criteria for the Development and Use of EEG Databases 56
III. Power Spectral Measures of a QEEG Database 67
IV. Univariate Statistics Versus Multivariate Statistics 76
V. Individualization of Neurofeedback Based on Reference QEEG Evaluation 81
References 83
Chapter 3. From EEG to Neurofeedback 88
I. The Alpha Connection 89
II. The Dawning of Biofeedback 90
III. A Brief Look at Other Early Work 91
IV. Performance under Stress 92
V. Twilight States 92
VI. The Falling from Grace of the Alpha State 94
VII. The Sensory Motor Rhythm Path 95
VIII. QEEG: The Quantified EEG 96
IX. EEG Database Development 96
X. The QEEG Feedback Systems 97
XI. The Modern Era of Neurofeedback 98
References 99
Part II: Clinical Applications 104
Chapter 4. Medical Applications of NeuroBioFeedback 106
I. Introduction 106
II. Diagnosis Considerations 113
III. Treatment 116
References 124
Chapter 5. Neurofeedback Assessment and Treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders 126
I. Background 126
II. Subtypes of Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 130
III. Additional Neurofeedback Considerations for ADD/ADHD 135
IV. Recording EEG and Artifact Considerations 143
V. EEG Signal Processing 146
VI. Databases 148
VII. Termination Issues 151
VIII. Integration of Neurofeedback with Other Psychological Therapies 153
IX. Informed Consent and Financial Considerations 158
X. Treatment of ADD/ADHD in Adults 160
XI. Addiction Considerations 161
XII. Research Needs 162
References 164
Chapter 6. Neurotherapy in the Treatment of Dissociation 168
I. Neurotherapy Treatment 170
II. The Brownback–Mason Protocol 174
III. Future Directions 178
References 178
Chapter 7. Neurofeedback in the treatment of Addictive Disorders 180
I. Introduction 180
II. Methodology and Results 182
III. Summary and Prospectus 198
References 199
Chapter 8. Clinical Use of an Alpha Asymmetry Neurofeedback Protocol in the Treatment of Mood Disorders 204
I. Introduction 204
II. Clinical Use of the Asymmetry Protocol 206
III. The Classification of Depressive Disorders 207
IV. Treatment of Depression Using the Asymmetry Protocol 209
V. Case Studies 211
VI. Clinical Factors Associated with EEG Neurofeedback Treatment 219
VII. Negative Factors in the Clinical Situation 220
VIII. Medication and the Asymmetry Protocol 221
IX. Discussion 221
References 223
Chapter 9. Assessing and Treating Open Head Trauma, Coma and Stroke Using Real -Time Digital EEG Neurofeedback 226
I. Open Head Trauma and Other Traumatic Brain Injury 227
II. Assessment 228
III. Real-Time Digital Neurofeedback of Open Head Trauma 229
IV. Coma 233
V. Real-Time Digital EEG Neurofeedback with Level 2 Coma (Rancho Scale) 234
VI. Stroke 238
VII. Real-Time Digital EEG Feedback with Stroke 239
VIII. Summary 241
References 243
Chapter 10. Performance Enhancement Training Through Neurofeedback 246
I. The Essentials of Peak Performance 247
II. Definitions of Terms 248
III. EEG Modification and Consciousness 248
IV. Understanding Brain Wave States 249
V. A Mini Review 250
VI. The Capacity to Shift 252
VII. Research Related to Peak Performance 253
VIII. Peak Performance Training Preparation 257
IX. Peak Performance Training General Principles 258
X. The Cookbook 259
XI. The Business 261
References 261
Part III: Models for Neurofeedback Efficacy 264
Chapter 11. EEG Biofeedback: An Emerging Model for Its Global Efficacy 266
I. Strains in the Paradigm 267
II. An Emerging New Model 269
III. Structure Versus Function 273
IV. The Kindling Model of Psychopathology 277
V. The Disregulation Model of Psychopathology 280
VI. Return to the Spectrum Theory of Mental Disorders 282
VII. A Bioelectrical Model of Neuroregulation: Basis for the Functional Theory 285
VIII. The Thalamus: Generator of Brain Rhythms 290
IX. The Role of Rhythmicity in Transient Phenomena 296
X. Partitioning of Brain Function 300
XI. Hemispheric Organization 302
XII. Partitioning in the Frequency Domain 305
XIII. The EEG Biofeedback Method 308
XIV. Clinical Validation 309
XV. Summary 325
XVI. Addendum 326
References 327
Chapter 12. The Neural Underpinnings of Neurofeedback Training 334
I. Introduction 334
II. Neurophysiological Processes Relevant to Neurofeedback Treatment 335
III. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Attention and NT 346
IV. Relevance to Mental Disorders 354
V. Summary and Conclusions 357
References 359
Chapter 13. Theories of the Effectiveness of Alpha-Theta Training for Multiple Disorders 364
I. Introduction 364
II. Theories of the Protocol's Effectiveness 367
III. Toward a Synthesis 376
IV. A Case Study 383
V. Summary and Conclusions 386
References 388
Part IV: Legal and Ethical Issues 392
Chapter 14. Ethical, Legal, and professional Pitfalls Associated with Neurofeedback Services 394
I. Purpose 394
II. Definitions 395
III. Competence 396
IV. Neurofeedback and the Law 405
V. Professional Decision Making 408
VI. Cautions and Contraindications in Using Neurofeedback 410
VII. Responsible Practice 415
VIII. QEEG Considerations 416
IX. Standard of Care 418
X. Summary 421
References 421
Index 424