Nano-Net (eBook)

Preface 5
Organization 7
Table of Contents 10
Nano-Net 2009 Full Papers and Invited Papers 10
The Impact of Persistence Length on the Communication Efficiency of Microtubules and CNTs 14
Introduction 14
The Nanotube Network Simulation 17
Graph Information Theory 23
Conclusion 25
References 25
Single and Multiple-Access Channel Capacity in Molecular Nanonetworks 27
Introduction 27
Single Molecular Communication Channel 28
Capacity of Molecular Multiple-Access Channel 31
Numerical Results 32
Single Molecular Channel 32
Molecular Multiple-Access Channel 33
Conclusion 35
References 36
Timing Information Rates for Active Transport Molecular Communication 37
Introduction 37
System Model 38
Results 40
References 41
Information Transfer through Calcium Signaling 42
Introduction 42
Information Communication Model 44
Simulation Results 45
References 46
Quantitative Analysis of the Feedback of the Robust Signaling Pathway Network of Myosin V Molecular Motors on GluR1 of AMPA in Neurons: A Networking Approach for Controlling Nanobiomachines 47
Introduction 47
Methods and Results 48
Conclusion 51
References 51
RF Control of Biological Systems: Applications to Wireless Sensor Networks 52
Introduction 52
Approach and System Architecture 53
RF Front End 54
Bio-mechanical Signal Interpreter 54
Address Recognition Maze 54
Biological Component 56
Conclusion and the Future Work 57
References 58
Sub-micrometer Network Fabrication for Bacterial Carriers and Electrical Signal Transmission 59
Introduction 59
Platform Presentation 59
Producing a Fiber 60
Annealing a Silver-Doped Fiber 61
Specific Systems 61
Dispensing Module 61
Curing System 62
Future Work 62
Conclusion 63
References 63
Pulse-Density Modulation with an Ensemble of Single-Electron Circuits Employing Neuronal Heterogeneity to Achieve High Temporal Resolution 64
Introduction 64
Model, Circuit Structure and Simulation Results 65
References 69
Carbon Nanotube Nanorelays with Pass-Transistor for FPGA Routing Devices 70
Introduction 70
Novel Nanorelay-CMOS Routing Switch 71
Modeling 72
cFPGA Design 73
Proposed CB Designs 73
Operation of 2T1N 73
Proposed SB Designs 74
Performance Evaluation 75
Conclusion 75
References 75
Quantum-Like Computations Using Coupled Nano-scale Oscillators 77
Introduction 77
Classical Formalism for Quantum Dynamics 78
Quantum Gates 78
Quantum-Like Computations with Classical Oscillators 79
Quantum-Like Qubit (QLB) 79
Single-QLB Operations 79
Two-QLB Operations 80
Conclusions 81
References 81
Optimization of Nanoelectronic Systems Reliability by Reducing Logic Depth 83
Introduction 83
Dependency of Reliability on Logic Depth 84
Reliability Improvement by Logic Depth Reduction 86
References 88
Coherent Polarization Transfer through Sub-wavelength Hole Arrays 89
Hole Arrays in Metal Films 89
Plasmon-Assisted Transmission of Entanglement 91
Angle-Dependent Transmission 93
Beams of Surface Plasmons 94
Summary and Conclusions 95
References 96
Study on Electrical and Optical Properties of the Hybrid Nanocrystalline TiO_{2} and Conjugated Polymer Thin Films 97
Introduction 97
Experimental 98
Results and Discussion 98
Morphology of the Hybrid TiO2 Nanocrystals – MEH-PPV Thin Film 98
Photoluminescence of Polymeric Composites 99
Electrical Properties of the Hybrid Structures 100
Conclusion 102
References 102
Through Silicon Via-Based Grid for Thermal Control in 3D Chips 103
Introduction 103
Configuration of the 3D Stack 104
Thermal Model 105
Electrical Measurements 106
Conclusion 110
References 110
Can SG-FET Replace FET in Sleep Mode Circuits? 112
Introduction 112
SG-FET Background 113
Design Space Exploration 113
SG-FET vs. FET 115
Conclusions 116
References 116
Functional Model of Carbon Nanotube Programmable Resistors for Hybrid Nano/CMOS Circuit Design 118
Introduction 118
Functional Model of OG-CNTFET for Hybrid Circuit Design 119
Physical Structure of OG-CNTFET and Its Spice Symbol 119
Switching Behaviors and Equivalent Electrical Circuits 119
Intrinsic Random Initial Effect of Nanocomponents 120
Conclusions 122
References 122
Designing Reliable Digital Molecular Electronic Circuits 124
Introduction 124
Device Model 125
Implementation and Results 126
Conclusions 127
References 128
Creating Nanotechnicians for the 21st Century Workplace 129
Potential for Workforce Shortages in the Near Future 129
Problems Associated with the Current Educational Model 130
Our Training Model 131
Core Curriculum 135
Primary and Secondary School Outreach 136
NANO-Link Project 139
Conclusion 139
References 139
Chances and Risks of Nanomaterials for Health and Environment 141
Introduction 141
Current Research Challenges 143
Nanomaterials in Research and Companies 145
References 145
Fabrication of Elastomeric Nanofluidic Devices for Manipulation of Long DNA Molecules 147
Introduction 147
Fabrication/Characterization of Elastomeric Nanofluidic Structures and Analysis of DNA Molecules Stretching 148
Conclusions and Perspectives 152
References 152
Repeater Insertion for Two-Terminal Nets in Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits 154
Introduction 154
Delay Model for a 3-D Wire 155
Repeater Insertion Algorithm 157
Determine an Initial Solution 158
Refinement of the Solution 159
Simulation Results 160
Conclusions 162
References 163
Workshop on Nano-Bio-Sensing Paradigms and Application Full Papers and Invited Papers 11
Nanophotonics for Lab-on-Chip Applications 164
Introduction 164
Fundamentals of Optical Biosensing 165
The Basic Measurement Problem in Life Sciences 165
Molecular Species and Concentrations of Interest 166
Taxonomy of Optical Biosensing Methods 166
Principles of Label-Based (Fluorescence) Biosensing Methods 167
Principles of Label-Free Optical Biosensing 168
Nanophotonics for High-Sensitivity Label-Free Biosensing 169
Optical Micro-resonators for Biosensing with Enhanced Sensitivity 170
Whispering Gallery Mode Biosensing for Single-Molecule Detection 171
Ultra-Low-Noise Photodetection with CMOS/CCD Image Sensors 171
Outlook: More Nanophotonics in Label-Free Biosensing ? 172
References 172
Highly Sensitive Arrays of Nano-sized Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes for Industrial and Bio Imaging 174
Introduction 174
Single-Photon Detection in CMOS 176
Industrial and Bio Applications 177
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy 177
Lifetime Imaging 178
Time-of-Flight Imaging 178
Conclusions 179
References 179
A Cancer Diagnostics Biosensor System Based on Micro- and Nano-technologies 182
Introduction 182
CDR Working Principle 182
BioMEMS Device Fabrication and Cartridge Assembly 183
Device Functionalisation: Surface Chemistry and Biopatterning 186
Preliminary CDR Performance Assessment 188
Conclusions 190
References 190
Nanoelectrochemical Immunosensors for Protein Detection 191
Introduction 192
Experimental Section 193
Apparatus and Materials 193
Template Fabrication of NEEs 194
Detection Schemes and Immobilization Procedures 194
Fabrication of NEAs by EBL 195
Results and Discussion 196
Tests of NEEs as Nanobiosensors 196
Lithographic Tests on NEAs Fabrication on PC and Preliminary Electrochemical Characterization 198
Conclusions 200
References 200
Quantum Dots and Wires to Improve Enzymes-Based Electrochemical Bio-sensing 202
Introduction 202
Materials and Methods 204
Chemicals 204
Sensing Electrodes Preparation 204
Electrochemical Measurements 205
Results and Discussion 205
Conclusions 210
References 210
Ultra Low Energy Binary Decision Diagram Circuits Using Few Electron Transistors 213
Introduction 213
Background and Related Work: SET Circuits 214
Proposed Coupled Nanodot SET Circuits 216
Experimental Evaluation 218
Conclusion 220
References 220
Organic Memristors and Adaptive Networks 223
Introduction 223
Organic Memristor 224
Adaptive Circuits 227
Composite Organic-Inorganic Structures 228
Statistical Networks of Polymer Fibers 230
Conclusions 232
References 233
Nanostencil and InkJet Printing for Bionanotechnology Applications 235
Introduction 235
Stencil Lithography 237
Cell Patterning by Stencil Lithography 237
Nanodot Arrays Fabricated by SL for Biosensing Applications 238
InkJet Printing for Bionanotechnology Applications – Cell and Biomaterials Printing 239
References 240
Workshop Toward Brain Inspired Interconnects and Circuits - Full Papers and Invited Papers 12
A New Method for Evaluating the Dynamics of Human Brain Networks Using Complex-Systems 242
Reference 242
On Two-Layer Hierarchical Networks How Does the Brain Do This? 244
Introduction 244
Classical Network Topologies 245
Brain’s Connectivity 246
Two-Layer Hierarchical Networks 248
Conclusions 251
References 252
Reduced Interconnects in Neural Networks Using a Time Multiplexed Architecture Based on Quantum Devices 255
Introduction 255
TMA in Neural Networks 256
Implementation Using D-Type Flip-Flops 256
TMA Implementation Using ITD Based Latches 258
ITD Based Latches 258
TMA Based on ITD Latches 260
Conclusion 262
References 262
On the Reliability of Interconnected CMOS Gates Considering MOSFET Threshold-Voltage Variations 264
Introduction 264
Reliability 265
Simulation of CMOS Logic Gates 266
Reliability of NAND and MAJ 266
Conclusion 270
References 270
On Wires Holding a Handful of Electrons 272
Introduction 272
On Scaling the Wires 274
How Often Do Wires Fail? 276
More Accurate Estimates 277
Conclusions 279
References 280
Improving Nano-circuit Reliability Estimates by Using Neural Methods 283
Introduction 283
Related Research 284
Neural Network for Reliability Estimation 285
What Are Neural Networks? 285
The Training Database 285
Training the Neural Network 286
Reliability Estimations 286
Conclusions and Future Work 287
References 287
A Bayesian-Based EDA Tool for Nano-circuits Reliability Calculations 289
Introduction 289
Reliability/Yield Estimations Tools 291
Reliability Enabled EDA Tool 293
Device Module 293
Gate Module 294
Circuit/Core Module 294
Conclusions 295
References 295
Author Index 298