Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications

Grady Booch is an IBM fellow and author of six best-selling books on object-oriented programming. He is world-reknowned as an originator of OO and founder of UML. Robert A. Maksimchuk, as Research Director in the Unisys CTO Office, focuses on emerging modeling technologies to advance the strategic direction of the Unisys 3D-Visual Enterprise modeling framework. Bob brings an abundance of systems engineering, modeling, and object-oriented analysis and design expertise, in numerous industries, to this mission. He is the coauthor of the books UML for Mere Mortals and UML for Database Design, has written various articles, has traveled worldwide as a featured speaker in numerous technology forums, and led workshops and seminars on UML and object-oriented development. Michael W. Engle is a principal member of the engineering staff with the Lockheed Martin Corporation. He has extensive technical and management experience across the complete system development lifecycle, from project initiation through deployment and support in a variety of application domains. As a systems architect, Mike employs object-oriented analysis nad design techniques in complex systems development. Dr. Bobbi Young is a Director of Research for the Unisys Chief Technology Office. She has many years of experience in the IT industry working with commercial companies and Department of Defense contractors. Dr. Young has been a consultant mentoring in program management, enterprise architecture, systems engineering, and object-oriented analysis and design. Throughout her career, she has focused on system lifecycle processes and methodologies, and enterprise architecture. Jim Conallen is a software engineer in IBM Rational's Model Driven Development Strategy team, where he is actively involved in applying the Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) initiative to IBM Rational's model tooling. Kelli A. Houston is a Consulting IT Specialist at IBM Rational. She is the method architect for IBM's internal method authoring method and is part of the team responsible for integrating IBM's methods.

Sidebars   xi
Preface    xiii
Acknowledgments    xix
About the Authors    xxi Section I: Concepts   1 Chapter 1: Complexity   3 1.1      The Structure of Complex Systems    4
1.2      The Inherent Complexity of Software    7
1.3      The Five Attributes of a Complex System    12
1.4      Organized and Disorganized Complexity    14
1.5      Bringing Order to Chaos    18
1.6      On Designing Complex Systems    24

Chapter 2: The Object Model    29 2.1      The Evolution of the Object Model    29
2.2      Foundations of the Object Model    37
2.3      Elements of the Object Model    43
2.4      Applying the Object Model    71

Chapter 3: Classes and Objects    75 3.1      The Nature of an Object    75
3.2      Relationships among Objects    88
3.3      The Nature of a Class    92
3.4      Relationships among Classes    96
3.5      The Interplay of Classes and Objects    111
3.6      On Building Quality Classes and Objects    112

Chapter 4: Classification    121 4.1      The Importance of Proper Classification    121
4.2      Identifying Classes and Objects    126
4.3      Key Abstractions and Mechanisms    138

Section II: Method    145 Chapter 5: Notation    147 5.1      The Unified Modeling Language    147
5.2      Package Diagrams    155
5.3      Component Diagrams    163
5.4      Deployment Diagrams    171
5.5      Use Case Diagrams    175
5.6      Activity Diagrams    185
5.7      Class Diagrams    192
5.8      Sequence Diagrams    206
5.9      Interaction Overview Diagrams    213
5.10    Composite Structure Diagrams    215
5.11    State Machine Diagrams    218
5.12    Timing Diagrams    231
5.13    Object Diagrams    235
5.14    Communication Diagrams    238

Chapter 6: Process 247 6.1        First Principles    248
6.2        The Macro Process: The Software Development Lifecycle    256
6.3        The Micro Process: The Analysis and Design Process    272

Chapter 7: Pragmatics    303 7.1      Management and Planning    304
7.2      Staffing    308
7.3      Release Management    312
7.4      Reuse    314
7.5      Quality Assurance and Metrics    316
7.6      Documentation    320
7.7      Tools    322
7.8      Special Topics    324
7.9      The Benefits and Risks of Object-Oriented Development    326

Section III: Applications    331 Chapter 8: System Architecture: Satellite-Based Navigation    333 8.1      Inception    334
8.2      Elaboration    347
8.3      Construction    370
8.4      Post-Transition 371

Chapter 9: Control System: Traffic Management    375 9.1      Inception    376
9.2      Elaboration    385
9.3      Construction    396
9.4      Post-Transition 411

Chapter 10: Artificial Intelligence: Cryptanalysis    413 10.1      Inception    414
10.2      Elaboration    421
10.3      Construction    427
10.4      Post-Transition 446

Chapter 11: Data Acquisition: Weather Monitoring Station    449 11.1      Inception    450
11.2      Elaboration    463
11.3      Construction    474
11.4      Post-Transition    487

Chapter 12: Web Application: Vacation Tracking System    489 12.1      Inception    490
12.2      Elaboration    494
12.3      Construction    506
12.4      Transition and Post-Transition    534

Appendix A: Object-Oriented Programming Languages    537 A.1      Language Evolution    537
A.2      Smalltalk    541
A.3      C++    546
A.4      Java    551

Appendix B: Further Reading    557 Notes    567
Glossary    591
Classified Bibliography    603
Index    677