Motivation Science

Dr. Mimi Bong is a Professor of Educational Psychology and the Director of the Brain and Motivation Research Institute at Korea University. For the past 27 years, she has been studying the achievement motivation of children and adolescents, focusing on the role of self-efficacy beliefs, value perceptions, and achievement goals in student motivation and self-regulation. Bong is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Experimental Education and has served or currently serves on the editorial boards of numerous journals, including American Educational Research Journal, Child Development, Contemporary Educational Psychology, Educational Psychologist, Educational Psychology Review, Educational Researcher, Journal of Educational Psychology, and Learning and Instruction. Dr. Johnmarshall Reeve is a Professor in the Institute for Psychology and Education at the Australian Catholic University in Sydney, Australia. His research focuses on all aspects of human motivation and emotion, but mostly on autonomy-supportive teaching, students' agentic engagement, and the neuroscience of intrinsic motivation. He has published 86 articles in peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Educational Psychology and authored 4 books, including Understanding Motivation and Emotion and Supporting Students' Motivation. Dr. Sung-il Kim is the Dean of the College of Education and the Graduate School of Education and a Professor of Educational Psychology at Korea University. His research focuses on interest, curiosity, neural bases of motivation, and modeling interest-based learning. He has served as the President of the Korean Educational Psychology Association, the Korean Society for Cognitive Science, and the Korean Mind, Brain, and Education Society, and the Director of the Brain and Motivation Research Institute. He is an Associate Editor of Frontiers in Psychology and serves on the editorial board of Motivation and Emotion.

Section 1
What Is Motivation?

Question 1: What Is Motivation?

What Is Motivation, Where Does It Come from, and How Does It Work?
Carol S. Dweck, Matthew L. Dixon, and James J. Gross

Energization and Direction Are Both Essential Parts of Motivation
Andrew J. Elliot

What Is Motivation?
Edwin A. Locke

Motivation Processes and Outcomes
Dale H. Schunk

Motivation Is the Interaction Between Dispositions and Context
Deborah Stipek

Motivation Is the State of Wanting Something. But Do We Want the Right Things?
Kennon M. Sheldon

Wanting to Feel Effective in Our Goal Pursuits for Both Outcomes and Process
E. Tory Higgins and Emily Nakkawita

Pleasure, Utility, and Goals: Motivation as a Value-Based Decision-Making Process
Sung-il Kim

Jingle-Jangle Fallacies in Motivation Science: Toward a Definition of Core Motivation
Reinhard Pekrun

Academic Self-Concept: A Central Motivational Construct
Geetanjali Basarkod and Herbert W. Marsh

Motivation Resides Only in Our Language, Not in Our Mental Processes
Kou Murayama

Insights Gained from Controversy #1


Section 2
What Are the Current Controversies in Motivation Science?

Question 2: Are Motivational Processes Universal Across Cultures and Contexts?

Does One Size Fit All? Cultural Perspectives on School Motivation
Dennis M. McInerney

Where Will Michelle Go to College? Culture and Context in the Study of Motivation
Paul A. Schutz

Can We Really Say that Motivational Processes Are Universal Across Cultures and Contexts?
Briana P. Green, DeLeon L. Gray, Elan C. Hope, and Jamaal S. Matthews

Vitamins for Psychological Growth: A Universal Foundation for Motivating Others
Bart Soenens and Maarten Vansteenkiste

Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect (BFLPE): Universality of Psychological Comparison Processes
Herbert W. Marsh and Geetanjali Basarkod

Insights Gained from Controversy #2


Question 3: Is There Such a Thing as