The Process of Statistical Analysis in Psychology (eBook)

Preface
About the Author
PART I: WHY DO WE USE STATISTICS?
1 Why Statistics?
What Can Statistics Do for Me?
Research Design and Statistics
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
2 The Starting Place: Data and Distributions
Populations and Samples
Types of Data
Frequency Distributions
Frequency Distributions in Excel
Frequency Distributions in SPSS
Summary of Frequency Distributions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
3 Probability and Sampling
Concepts of Probability
Sampling Techniques
Distribution of Sample Means Introduction
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
PART II: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
4 Central Tendency
Central Tendency in Distributions
Mean
Median
Mode
Which Measure of Central Tendency Should I Use?
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
5 Variability
Variability in Distributions
Range and Interquartile Range
Standard Deviation
Which Measure of Variability Should I Use?
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
6 Presenting Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics in Graphs
Descriptive Statistics in Tables
APA Style for Graphs and Tables
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
PART III: BASICS OF HYPOTHESIS TESTING
7 The Normal Distribution and z Scores
The z Score Transformation
The Normal Distribution
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
8 Hypothesis-Testing Logic
Using the Normal Distribution to Test Hypotheses
Logic of Hypothesis Testing
Types of Hypothesis-Testing Errors
Statistical Significance
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
PART IV: THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF STATISTICAL TESTS
9 The t Distribution
The t Distribution
One-Sample t Test
Using SPSS to Conduct a One-Sample t Test
Test Assumptions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
10 Related/Paired Samples t Test
Calculating a Related/Paired Samples t Test
Using SPSS to Conduct a Related/Paired Samples t Test
Test Assumptions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
11 Independent Samples t Test
Independent Samples
Calculating the Independent Samples t Test
Using SPSS to Conduct an Independent Samples t Test
Test Assumptions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
12 One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
More Than Two Independent Samples
Calculating the F Score in an ANOVA
Using SPSS to Conduct a One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA
Test Assumptions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
13 Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Factorial Designs
Calculating a Two-Way ANOVA
Understanding Interactions
Using SPSS to Calculate Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVAs
Test Assumptions
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
14 One-Way Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Within-Subjects Designs
Calculating a Within-Subjects ANOVA
Using SPSS to Calculate One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVAs
Test Assumptions
More Complex Within-Subjects Designs
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
15 Correlation Tests and Simple Linear Regression
Correlation Versus Causation
Hypothesis Testing With Pearson r
Using SPSS to Conduct a Pearson r Test
Regression Analyses
Nonlinear Relationships
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
16 Chi-Square Tests
Parametric Versus Nonparametric Tests
Observed Versus Expected Frequencies
Calculating a Chi-Square by Hand
Calculating a Chi-Square Using SPSS
Chapter Summary
Thinking About Research
Test Yourself
Appendix A: Answers to Stop and Think Questions
Appendix B: Unit Normal Table (z Table)
Appendix C: t Distribution Table
Appendix D: F Distribution Table
Appendix E: Pearson r Critical Values Table
Appendix F: Chi-Square Critical Values Table
Glossary
References
Index