The German Language

Jean Boase-Beier is Senior Lecturer in German, Linguistics and Translation Studies in the School of Language, Linguistics and Translation Studies of the University of East Anglia, where she runs the MA course in literary translation. She is author of Poetic Compounds: The Principles of Poetic Language in Modern English Poetry (1987) as well as many articles on morphology and translation. She is also editor of The Practices of Literary Translation (with M. Holman, 1999). Ken Lodge is Senior Lecturer in Linguistics and Phonetics at the School of Language, Linguistics and Translation Studies of the University of East Anglia. He is author of Studies in the Phonology of Colloquial English (1984), as well as numerous articles on phonology.

Preface. Abbreviations.

1. Introduction:.

1.1. What Is The German Language?.

1.2. A Linguistic Description.

1.3. The Grammar And Grammatical Knowledge.

1.4. Other Linguistic Knowledge.

1.5. Further Reading.

2. Syntax:.

2.1. The Concept Of Syntax.

2.2. Phrase Structures Of German.

2.3. Case In German.

2.4. The Position Of The German Verb.

2.5. Syntactic Processes.

2.6. Further Reading.

Exercises.

3. Morphology:.

3.1. Morphemes And Morphology.

3.2. Morphology And Word-Formation.

3.2.1. Inflection.

3.2.2. Derivation.

3.2.3. Compounding.

3.2.4. Conversion.

3.2.5. Other Morphological Processes.

3.3. The Relationship Between Morphology And Phonology.

3.4. Productivity.

3.5. Borrowings From Other Languages.

3.6. The Relationship Between Morphology And Syntax.

3.7. Further Reading.

Exercises.

4. Phonetics:.

4.1. Introduction.

4.2. Air-Stream Type.

4.3. State Of The Glottis.

4.4. State Of The Velum.

4.5. Oral Articulators.

4.6. Manner.

4.7. Lip Position.

4.8. Vocoid Articulations.

4.9. Place Of Articulation.

4.10. Resonance.

4.11. Voice Onset Time.

4.12. The Transcription Of German And English.

4.13. Further Reading.

Exercises.

5. Phonology:.

5.1. Preliminaries.

5.2. Syllable Structure.

5.3. The Obstruents.

5.4. Affricates.

5.5. Nasals.

5.6. Other Consonants.

5.7. Vowels.

5.8. Connected Speech.

5.8.1. Assimilation.

5.8.2. Lenition.

5.8.3. Shortening.

5.8.4. Deletion.

5.9. Further Reading.

Exercises.

6. Lexis:.

6.1. The Lexicon And The Nature Of Lexical Entries.

6.2. Thematic Structure.

6.3. Categories Of Lexical Items.

6.4. The Meaning Of Lexical Items.

6.5. The Nature Of Lexical Items.

6.6. Relations Among Lexical Items.

6.7. Sense Relations.

6.8. Further Reading.

Exercises.

7. Stylistics:.

7.1. Stylistics And The Style Of Text.

7.2. Style And Deviation.

7.3. Stylistic Principles.

7.4. Metaphor.

7.5. Repetition.

7.6. Iconicity.

7.7. Compression.

7.8. Ambiguity.

7.9. Cohesion.

7.10. Style And Choice.

7.11. Further Reading.

Exercises.

8. Historical Background:.

8.1. Preliminaries.

8.2. Phonology.

8.3. Umlaut.

8.4. Morphology.

8.5. Syntactic Changes.

8.6. Lexical And Semantic Changes.

8.7. External Influences.

8.8. Further Reading.

Exercises.

9. Contemporary Variation:.

9.1. Preliminaries.

9.2. Variation By Use.

9.3. Variation By User.

9.3.1. Regional Accents.

9.3.2. Morphological And Syntactic Variation.

9.3.3. Lexical Variation.

9.4. Further Reading.

Exercises.

References.

Index.