Modern Issues in Perception (eBook)
345 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-086665-9 (ISBN)
1. The structural rules according to which information is organized in perception (Part I).
2. The rules on how pieces of information are integrated and transformed into judgements (Part II).
Included in Part I are theories on neural mechanisms and models linking perception and memory. Part II refers to simple physical and complex semantic dimensions. Antecedents in animal behaviour are explored too. The book is intended for a broad readership, it should stimulate research which will link topics that have been traditionally separated.
Features of the book are:
- a synopsis of discrete, structural and quantitative aspects of perception linking perception with higher cognition and memory.
- an overview on new approaches and findings from East and West on perceptual organization and rules inherent to judgement.
- the chapters are strongly interconnected and didactical in tone. Introductions are designed to increase readability of the work.
The book deals with two focal issues: 1. The structural rules according to which information is organized in perception (Part I). 2. The rules on how pieces of information are integrated and transformed into judgements (Part II).Included in Part I are theories on neural mechanisms and models linking perception and memory. Part II refers to simple physical and complex semantic dimensions. Antecedents in animal behaviour are explored too. The book is intended for a broad readership; it should stimulate research which will link topics that have been traditionally separated.Features of the book are: - a synopsis of discrete, structural and quantitative aspects of perception linking perception with higher cognition and memory. - an overview on new approaches and findings from East and West on perceptual organization and rules inherent to judgement. - the chapters are strongly interconnected and didactical in tone. Introductions are designed to increase readability of the work.
Front Cover 1
Modern Issues in Perception 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Preface 17
General Introduction 19
Part I: Perceptual Organization and Classification Processes 24
Introduction 24
Chapter 1. An Outline of Coding Theory Summary of Some Related Experiments 26
1. Introduction 26
2. Relations within patterns 33
3. Relations between patterns: context 41
4. Discussion 45
References 46
Chapter 2. Structural Information Theory 49
0. Introduction 49
1. Formal aspects of the language 50
2. Theory of human interpretation 59
3. Measurement of human interpretation 63
4. Extension to perceptual inference 64
Appendix 1: A. Primitive code 69
Appendix 2: B. Code 71
References 72
Chapter 3. Pattern Cognition and the Processing of Transformation Structures 74
Discussion 83
Conclusion 86
References 86
Chapter 4. The Inferential Basis of Classification: From Perceptual to Memory Code Systems 88
Part 1: Theory 88
1. Introduction 88
2. Outline of a theoretical framework 89
3. Organization of inference 96
Part 2: Experiments on discrete feature processing 107
4. General design and hypotheses 107
5. Experiment 1: effects of feature layout 112
6. Experiment 2: effects of category composition 115
7. Concluding remarks 121
References 122
Chapter 5. Internal Representation of III-Defined Perceptual Categories 126
1. Introduction 126
2. Competing models of internal categorial representations 127
3. Material and design of the experiments 128
4. Experimental results on the classification into ill-defined perceptual categories 129
5. Discussion and consequences 143
References 148
Chapter 6. Three-Dimensional Orderings and Text Representation 150
The internal representation of one-dimensional orderings 151
The internal representation of three-dimensional orderings 152
The analysis of the internal representation by comparison of reaction times for text and picture-like presentation of information 153
The analysis of the internal representation through strategy analysis of “inference process’’ by means of eye fixation measurements 160
The influence of instruction on the construction of an internal representation 164
Concluding remarks 165
References 165
Chapter 7. A Systems Approach to Parallel-Serial Testability and Visual Feature Processing 167
Introduction 167
1. Mental processing and reaction time studies 168
2. Introduction to system concepts 172
3. Stochastic systems approach to the parallel-serial equivalence problem 178
4. Methods and testing using second guessing 184
References 190
Chapter 8. The Conceptual Reflex Arc: A Model of Neural Processing as Developed for Colour Vision 193
Description of colour vision in terms of the conceptual reflex arc 194
1. The analyser of equally bright colour signals: the spherical model 194
2. Output responses: the performing subsystem 196
3. The switching block 197
Basic principles and implications 199
Experiment A: The structure of the colour analyser as based on direct judgments of large colour differences 201
Sphericity of the colour space 202
Interpretation of the axes 203
Normalization of the colour sphere 204
Substantive interpretation of the characteristics of the colour sphere 205
Discussion 205
Experiment B: The structure of the colour analyser as emerging from data on colour naming 206
Methods 206
Initial data 206
Multidimensional scaling of the data 206
Discussion 209
Experiment C: Sensitivity of the conceptual reflex arc to colour differences 209
Conclusion 216
References 216
Chapter 9. The Spatial Frequency Basis of Internal Representations 218
Experiment I – letter identification 219
Methods 219
Modeling 219
Results 221
Experiment II – picture identification 222
Methods 222
Results 222
Discussion 226
References 226
Part II: Integration and Transformation of Stimulus Information 228
Introduction 228
Part II: Integration and Transformation of Stimulus Information 228
Introduction 228
Chapter 10. Cognitive Algebra in Intuitive Physics 230
Integration-theoretical approach to intuitive physics 230
Stimulus integration 231
Integration diagram 232
Cognitive algebra 232
Functional measurement 233
Parallelism theorem 233
Linear fan theorem 234
Galilean experiment 235
Graphic response method 236
Observation of physical events 238
Studies with a collision task 239
Related studies with the inclined plane 240
Cognitive algebra 241
Intuitive physics 241
Intuitive mathematics 242
Developmental analysis 242
Intuitive physics and psychophysics 243
Task structure and knowledge structure 244
Physicalist and cognitive views 245
Psychological measurement 245
Integration rules 246
Cognitive units 246
The cognitive approach 247
Learning 248
Knowledge functions 248
Information-reinforcement schedules 250
References 251
Chapter 11. Common Components in Information Integration Tasks: Individual Differences Investigation 255
Experiment I: Halo effect 256
Method 256
Results 257
Experiment II: Stereotyping 259
Method 259
Results 260
Summary 261
References 261
Chapter 12. Category Ratings and the Relational Character of Judgment 263
The method of single stimuli 263
Phenomenal character of relational judgments 264
The subjective range 265
Equalizing stimulus frequencies 267
Range-frequency compromise 270
Tests of the range-frequency model 271
Defining the context 275
Anchoring 276
Range vs. frequency 279
Relational vs. absolute character of judgment 279
References 281
Chapter 13. A Comparison of “Frame of Reference” Paradigms in Human and Animal Psychophysics 284
1. Introduction and overview 284
2. Major “frame of reference” conceptions in human psychophysics 285
3. Some special “frame of reference” problems in animal psychophysics 306
4. Summary and general conclusions 311
References 314
Chapter 14. Scale Convergence as a Principle for the Study of Perception 320
Algebraic models of perception and judgment 320
Emmert's law extended 322
Comprehensive theory of D is lacking 322
Scale convergence for subjective distance 323
Scale convergence as a constraint 324
Outcomes of model tests 324
Brief review of studies of scale convergence 326
Impression formation 326
Contextual effects in ratings 328
“Ratios” and “differences” of numbers 329
Psychophysical “averaging” 330
“Ratios” and “differences” 330
Extension of ratio-difference problem 332
Reverse or inverse attributes 333
Contextual effects in comparison 333
Concluding comments 334
References 335
Chapter 15. Categories of Perceptual Experience: A Psychophysicist Peruses Synthetic Metaphors 337
Cross-modality matching 338
Synesthetic perception 339
Characteristics of synesthesia 339
Synesthesia and language 340
Psychophysics of synesthetic metaphor 340
Quantifying meaning 341
Metaphors of brightness and loudness 342
Metaphors of brightness and pitch 346
Children’s comprehension of synesthetic metaphors 349
Categories of perception and meaning 352
References 353
List of Contributors 355
Author Index 357
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 1.4.2000 |
---|---|
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie |
Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Test in der Psychologie | |
Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie | |
ISBN-10 | 0-08-086665-4 / 0080866654 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-086665-9 / 9780080866659 |
Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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