Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation Techniques and Applications (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Neurofeedback and Neuromodulation Techniques and Applications 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 16
Part One: Neuromodulation: Analysis Techniques 20
Chapter 1 Use of Quantitative EEG to Predict Therapeutic Outcome in Neuropsychiatric Disorders 22
Introduction 22
Foundations of Clinical EEG: Reliability 23
Quantitative EEG 24
Quantitative EEG/ERP and Medication Management 26
Prediction of Neurofeedback Protocol Efficacy 31
Using EEG to Guide Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 36
Conclusion 38
References 39
Chapter 2 EEG Source Analysis: Methods and Clinical Implications 44
Introduction 44
Method 46
Clinical Examples 58
Discussion 62
References 63
Chapter 3 ERP-Based Endophenotypes: Application in Diagnosis and Neurotherapy 66
Introduction 66
Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) 67
Theoretical Considerations 68
New Methods in ERP Analysis 71
HBI Reference Database 72
GO/NO-GO Task 72
Methodology of Decomposition of Collection of ERPs into Independent Components 75
Methodology of Decomposition of Individual ERPs into Independent Components 76
Independent Components in GO/NO-GO Task 77
Application of ERP/ICA Methodology for ADHD – Response Inhibition 84
ERPs as Indexes of Neurofeedback Efficacy 85
ERPs as Index of tDCS Effect 89
References 92
Chapter 4 EEG Vigilance and Phenotypes in Neuropsychiatry: Implications for Intervention 98
Introduction 98
History of EEG Research in ADHD and Depression 102
EEG and qEEG: Models and Theory 113
EEG Vigilance Model 114
EEG Phenotype Model 124
EEG Phenotype vs. EEG Vigilance: Towards a Coherent Model? 131
Acknowledgments 134
References 134
Part Two: Endogenous Neuromodulation Strategies 144
Chapter 5 Neurofeedback with Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study 146
Introduction 147
Method 151
Results 158
Discussion 160
Conclusions 167
Acknowledgments 167
References 167
Chapter 6 Emerging Empirical Evidence Supporting Connectivity-Guided Neurofeedback for Autistic Disorders 172
Introduction 172
Major Treatments for ASD: An Overview 174
Neurofeedback for ASD 187
qEEG Evaluation and ASD 189
Discussion 194
References 195
Chapter 7 Neurofeedback and Epilepsy 202
Introduction 202
Research Synopsis 203
Clinical Protocols 205
Individualizing Neurofeedback Based on qEEG Findings 206
Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) 217
Observations and Implications for Future Direction 219
References 220
Chapter 8 Feedback of Slow Cortical Potentials: Basics, Application, and Evidence 224
Basics 225
Technical and Training Requirements 228
Diagnosis and Evaluation 234
Evidence Base and Indications 236
Conclusion 241
References 241
Chapter 9 Real-Time Regulation and Detection of Brain States from fMRI Signals 246
Introduction 246
Historical Development of Real-Time fMRI 247
Overview of the fMRI–BCI system 251
fMRI–BCI in Research and Clinical Treatment 257
Conclusions 267
References 268
Part Three: Exogenous Neuromodulation Strategies 274
Chapter 10 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Depression: Protocols, Mechanisms, and New Developments 276
Introduction 276
Protocols 280
Mechanisms of rTMS Treatment in Depression 289
New Developments 296
Acknowledgments 301
References 302
Chapter 11 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Tinnitus 312
Tinnitus: Introduction 312
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 315
Conclusion 330
References 331
Chapter 12 Neurophysiological Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation 338
Introduction 338
The Growing Field of Brain Stimulation 339
Electrophysiology of tDCS 342
Neurochemistry of tDCS 356
Safety Considerations for tDCS 359
Conclusions and Future Directions 360
Acknowledgment 363
References 363
Part Four: Mechanism of Change and Long-Term Consolidation: Beginning Evidence 370
Chapter 13 Functional Neuroimaging Evidence Supporting Neurofeedback in ADHD 372
Introduction 372
Biological Basis of ADHD 373
Impact of Neurofeedback Training on the Neural Substrates of Selective Attention and Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD 380
Putative Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Neurofeedback in ADHD 385
Conclusion 387
References 388
Chapter 14 The Immediate Effects of EEG Neurofeedback on Cortical Excitability and Synchronization 400
Introduction 400
Methods 402
Results 406
Discussion 414
References 418
Chapter 15 Enduring Effects of Neurofeedback in Children 422
Introduction 422
Neurofeedback as a Treatment for Children with ADHD 424
Long-Term Effects of Neurofeedback 425
Neurofeedback as a Treatment for Children with ASD 427
Enduring Behavioral and Neuropsychological Benefits of Neurofeedback in ASD 432
Discussion 436
Acknowledgment 438
References 438
Index 442
A 442
B 443
C 443
D 443
E 444
F 445
G 446
H 446
I 446
L 446
M 447
N 447
O 447
P 447
Q 448
R 448
S 448
T 449
V 450
Y 450
Color Plate Section 451