Child Psychology and Psychiatry - Frameworks for Practice 2E

Dr David Skuse is Professor of Behavioural and Brain Sciences at the UCL Institute of Child Health, and an Honorary Consultant in Developmental Neuropsychiatry. He runs the National Centre for High Functioning Autism at Great Ormond Street Hospital, a diagnostic service offering best practice treatment plans for children referred by other clinicians. Professor Skuse's main research interests include complex social communication disorders (autism spectrum conditions), and individual differences in cooperative styles of behaviour that could be influenced by genetic variation. His research focuses on psychiatric endophenotypes - cognitive, behavioural and neurophysiological indicators of dysfunctional biological processes in children and adolescents who are vulnerable to psychiatric disorders, and Professor Skuse is internationally known for his work in these fields. Dr Helen Bruce, is a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist for East London NHS Foundation Trust and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry. She is also and Honorary Senior Lecturer at the UCL Institute of Child Health. She has been a Consultant Psychiatrist since 1992 and has worked as a Consultant in acute and low secure settings. Her particular interests in Adult Psychiatry are Psychiatric Intensive Care and Court Diversion. She was the Consultant responsible for a Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit and Court Diversion Scheme for six years. Dr Bruce then undertook further training at the Royal London/Great Ormond Street SPR training scheme to be dual accredited in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, which she completed in December 2002. She has worked in East London since then as a Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, first for North East London Mental Health Trust and then in her current post at the Emanuel Miller Centre since 2004. She has a particular interest in transition issues at the interface between Child Mental Health Services and Adult Services, Parental Mental Health and in Medical Education. Dr Linda Dowdney , Ph.D. (Psychology), M.A. (Developmental Psychology), M.Phil (Clinical Psychology) is a Consultant Clinical Psychologist, and also an Honorary Senior Lecturer at the UCL Institute of Child Health. She is an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society (BPS). Dr Dowdney moved into research following her training in developmental psychology at Columbia University. As part of her research PhD, she developed an observational scheme for assessing the parenting skills of a group of women raised in institutions. Clinically trained at the Institute of Psychiatry, she worked with children and families in a variety of community and hospital settings both in inner and outer London areas, becoming head of Child and Adolescent Psychology at Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton. Subsequently, Dr Dowdney became a Senior Lecturer at the University of Surrey where she was director of the Clinical Psychology doctoral training course and a member of the BPS Committee on Training in Clinical Psychology. Dr Dowdney's clinical and research interests have centred on parenting skills, failure to thrive and childhood bereavement, and she has national and international publications in these areas. She was a founding editor of the journal Child Psychology & Psychiatry Review (now renamed Child and Adolescent Mental Health ). Dr David A. Mrazek , M.D., F.R.C. Psych. Is a Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine. Dr. Mrazek has initiated a psychiatric pharmacogenomic research program and implemented clinical psychiatric pharmacogenomic services. Dr. Mrazek is the principal investigator of the SSRI Pharmacogenomic Project within the NIH funded Pharmacogenetics Research Network and a Developing Alcohol Research Center funded by the NIAAA. He also serves as the Director of the S.C. Johnson Genomics of Addictions Program at the Mayo Clinic and is the author of a new textbook published by Oxford University Press entitled, "Psychiatric Pharmacogenomics". Dr. Mrazek has received numerous awards including the Simon Wile Award from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the Creativity in Psychiatric Education from the American College of Psychiatry, and the Agnes Purcell McGavin Award for Distinguished Career Achievement in Child Psychiatry from the American Psychiatric Association. He has also served as the Chairman of the Board of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

List of Contributors vii Preface xi Section 1: Developing Competencies. 1a: Contextual Influences upon Social and Emotional Development. 1. Family and Systemic Influences 3 Barbara Maughan 2. Sibling Influences 8 Judy Dunn 3. Culture and Child Development 13 Ruma Bose and Sanjida Sattar 4. Neurobehavioural Development in Infancy 18 Cindy H. Liu and Ed Tronick 5. Genetic and Biological Influences 23 David Skuse 1b: General Patterns of Development. 6. Clinical Evaluation of Development fromBirth to Five Years 32 Ajay Sharma and Tony O Sullivan 7. Early Social and Emotional Experience Matters: The First Year of Life 41 Howard Steele 8. Language Development 45 Thomas Klee and Stephanie F. Stokes 9. Development of Social Cognition 51 Virginia Slaughter 10. Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood 56 Alan Carr 11. Social-Cognitive Development During Adolescence 62 Sarah-Jayne Blakemore Section 2: Promoting Well-Being. 12. Promoting Infant Mental Health 68 Christine Puckering 13. Promoting Children sWell-Being 72 Paul Stallard 14. Fostering Resilience in Adolescents 78 Angela Veale Section 3: Attachment and Separation 15. Attachment Theory: Research and Clinical Implications 85 Pasco Fearon 16. Children Bereaved by Parent or Sibling Death 92 Linda Dowdney 17. Adoption and Fostering 100 Jill Hodges Section 4: The Impact of Trauma and Maltreatment. 18. Stress and Reactions to Stress in Children 107 Guinevere Tufnell 19. Child Maltreatment 114 Danya Glaser 20. The Neuroscience and Genetics of Childhood Maltreatment 121 Eamon McCrory, Stephane A. De Brito, and Essi Viding Section 5: Atypical Development. 5a: Infancy and Early Childhood. 21. Feeding and Eating Disorders in Infancy and Childhood 128 Rachel Bryant-Waugh 22. Literacy Disorders 134 Valerie Muter and Margaret J. Snowling 5b: Middle Childhood. 23. Autism Spectrum Disorders 141 Tony Charman 24. Somatization and Somatoform Disorders 147 Elena Garralda 25. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 153 Anita Thapar and Antonio Munoz-Solomando 26. Challenges in Child and Adolescent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 161 Elaine Chung and Isobel Heyman 27. Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents 169 Aaron Vallance and Elena Garralda 28. Childhood Behavioural Disorders 175 Graeme Lamb 29. Specific Language Impairment 180 Gina Conti-Ramsden and Kevin Durkin 5c: Adolescence. 30. Depression and Suicidal Behaviour in Children and Adolescents 187 Julia Gledhill and Matthew Hodes 31. Eating Disorders in Adolescence 194 Dasha Nicholls 32. Substance Misuse in Young People 201 K.A.H. Mirza, Roshin M. Sudesh, and Sudeshni Mirza 33. Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder 210 Anthony James 34. Emerging Personality Disorder 217 Eileen Vizard Section 6: Assessment. 35. Diagnostic Classification: Current Dilemmas and Possible Solutions 224 Eric Taylor 36. Paediatric Neuropsychological Assessment I: An Assessment Framework 229 Judith Middleton 37. Paediatric Neuropsychological Assessment II: Domains for Assessment 234 Jane Gilmour and Bettina Hohnen 38. Assessment of Child Psychiatric Disorders 245 Helen Bruce and Navina Evans 39. Psychological Assessment 251 Michael Berger 40. Family Therapy Assessment 255 Alexandra Mary John Section 7: Approaches to Intervention. 41. Discovering Psychiatric Pharmacogenomics 261 David A. Mrazek 42. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children and Adolescents 265 Cathy Creswell and Thomas G. O'Connor 43. Parenting Programmes for Conduct Problems 271 Stephen Scott and Sajid Humayun 44. Systemic and Family Approaches to Intervention 276 Philip Messent 45. Psychotherapeutic Approaches: A Psychodynamic Perspective 281 Eilis Kennedy 46. Paediatric Psychopharmacology: Special Considerations 286 Paramala J. Santosh and Rakendu Suren Index 295