Railway Infrastructure Security (eBook)

Roberto Setola is the head of the Complex System & Security Lab of the University CAMPUS Bio-Medico of Rome, Italy and the General Secretary of the AIIC (Italian Association of Critical Infrastructures’ Experts).Antonio Sforza is full professor of Operational Research at University of Naples "Federico II”, Italy. His activity focuses on the context of continuous and discrete optimization models and methods, whose applications are mainly devoted to problems of urban traffic management, transportation planning, logistics and infrastructure protection.  

Foreword 6
Acknowledgments 11
Contents 12
1 Introduction 14
Abstract 14
1 Introduction 15
2 The Critical Infrastructure Protection 16
3 The Railway Infrastructure System in the CIP Arena 17
4 The METRIP Project 20
5 The Railway Infrastructure Security Book 21
6 Conclusions 23
2 Towards Integrated Railway Protection 25
Abstract 25
1 Railway: Constantly Striving for Safety 25
2 The Emergence of Security 26
3 The Transport Environment 26
4 Everyday Security in the Railway Scenario 27
5 Personal Freedom and Collective Security 28
6 The Terrorist Threat 29
7 The Cost of Security 29
8 Security of Stations: The Challenge of Joined-Up Thinking 30
9 Consistency at European and International Level 31
10 Specific Aspects of High Speed Systems: Risks and Opportunities 31
11 UIC Involvement 32
11.1 UIC Fundamental Values 33
11.2 UIC Security Platform 33
11.3 UIC Research Focuses 34
12 Conclusions 35
3 The Railway Security: Methodologies and Instruments for Protecting a Critical Infrastructure 37
Abstract 37
1 Introduction---Why Security? 37
2 The Security in the Railway Transport 38
3 Railway: A Critical Infrastructure 39
4 CIP---Critical Infrastructure Protection 39
5 Threats in Rail Transport 40
5.1 The Terroristic Threat 41
5.2 Theft of Copper 42
6 The Security Structures in the Main European Railway Organizations 44
6.1 France (Soci00E9t00E9 Nationale des Chemins de fer Français---SNCF) 44
6.2 Spain (RENFE) 45
6.3 Poland (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.---PKP PLK S.A.) 45
6.4 Switzerland (Schweizerische Bundesbahnen---SBB CFF FFS) 46
6.5 Italy (Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane SpA---FS SpA) 46
7 International Organizations Involved in Railway Security 47
7.1 Colpofer 47
7.1.1 The Method 48
7.1.2 The Mission 48
7.2 Security Platform UIC 49
7.3 Brenner Group 51
8 Infrastructures Security: A General Survey Regarding the Current Regulation 51
9 Corporate Protection in Rail Transport Companies 54
9.1 Tasks 54
9.2 The Organization of the Security Function 55
10 Human Resources 56
10.1 Recruitment 56
10.2 Training 57
11 Crisis Management 58
12 Risk Management 58
12.1 The Italian Case of Risk Management by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana SpA, within Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane Group 59
13 The Information Security 62
14 Assets Protection Technology in the Railway Field 63
14.1 The Components of a Security System 64
14.2 Security Logic 65
14.3 Security Logic for a Medium-Small Railway Station---Layout 66
14.4 Security Logic for the Main Head Stations and New High Speed Structures---Layout 69
14.5 Control Room 71
14.6 Security for Railway Undertakings 71
15 Conclusions 74
4 Vulnerability Assessment in RIS Scenario Through a Synergic Use of the CPTED Methodology and the System Dynamics Approach 76
Abstract 76
1 Introduction 77
2 The CPTED Methodology 78
2.1 CPTED's Historical Evolution and Main Influences 79
2.2 CPTED: Key Elements 82
2.3 The Application of CPTED to Railway Infrastructure System 84
3 The Systems Dynamics Approach 86
3.1 Systems Dynamics Main Features 87
4 The Model 88
4.1 Simulation Results 92
5 Conclusions 98
References 99
5 Cumana and Circumflegrea Railway Lines: A Circle Network in the Western Metropolitan Area of Naples 101
Abstract 101
1 Introduction 101
2 SEPSA Urban Railway System: Cumana and Circumflegrea 102
3 Security Challenges 105
4 Critical Infrastructures of Cumana and Circumflegrea Lines 108
4.1 SEPSA Network System 108
4.2 Critical Assets in the SEPSA Railway System 109
4.3 Maintenance Center Location Problem 111
4.4 Service Time in Case of System Failures 112
5 Conclusions 117
Acknowledgments 117
References 118
6 Coping with Suicide Bombing Israel Railways Security Challenges 2000--2005 119
Abstract 119
1 Forward 119
2 Israel Railways 120
3 The Suicide Bombing Campaign, 2000--2005 120
4 Israel Railways Response to Suicide Bombing 125
5 Israel Railways Security Response 126
6 Conclusions 130
Further Readings 131
7 Technologies for the Implementation of a Security System on Rail Transportation Infrastructures 132
Abstract 132
1 Introduction 133
2 Railway/Metro Security System: Application Context 134
3 Risk Analysis and Risk Scenarios 135
4 Critical Assets of a Railway System 136
5 Security Technologies 137
6 CCTV and Video Analytics System 138
7 Alarm Outputs for a Video Analytic System 139
8 Access Control and Anti-intrusion Systems 140
9 Abnormal Sound Detection System 142
10 CBRNe System 143
11 Application of the Protection Systems on the Assets of a Railway System 144
12 Stations 145
13 Tracks 146
14 Depot 146
15 Tunnel and Bridges 146
16 Electrical Substations 147
17 Integrated Management of the Protection Devices 147
18 Alarm Management 149
19 Conclusions 149
References 149
8 A Model-Driven Process for Physical Protection System Design and Vulnerability Evaluation 151
Abstract 151
1 METRIP Model-Driven Process 152
2 The CIP_VAM UML Profile 154
2.1 CIP_VAM UML Extensions 156
2.2 CIP_VAM Library 159
3 Model Transformations 160
3.1 Forward Transformation Chains 160
3.2 Backward Transformation Chains 164
4 A Railway Station Case Study 165
4.1 Step 1: Modeling the Infrastructure 167
4.2 Step 2: Modeling the Attacks 168
4.3 Step 3: Modeling Possible Protections 170
4.4 Step 4: Application of the ODM Transformation Chain 171
4.5 Step 5: Vulnerability Analysis 173
5 Related Work 175
6 Conclusions 176
References 177
9 Optimal Location of Security Devices 178
Abstract 178
1 Introduction 179
2 Protection Devices for a RIS 180
3 State of the Art of the Sensor Placement Problem 181
4 The Optimization Module 182
4.1 Asset Discretization 183
4.2 Coverage Analysis 184
4.3 Coverage Model Selection 186
4.3.1 Minimization of the Control Devices Number 187
4.3.2 Maximization of the Covered Region 189
4.4 Framework of the OM 190
5 Experimental Results 191
5.1 Open Space Test Case 191
5.2 Railway Station Case 196
6 Conclusions 201
Acknowledgments 202
References 202
10 The METRIP Tool 204
Abstract 204
1 Introduction 205
2 A Reference Architecture 207
3 Component Specifications 208
3.1 System Level Specifications 209
3.2 UML Modelling Module (UMLM) 210
3.3 Optimization Module (OM) 210
3.4 Vulnerability Analysis Module (VAM) 212
4 Enabling Technologies and Tools 212
5 Prototype Implementation 214
5.1 Model Transformations 215
5.2 User Interface 217
5.3 Localization Back-End 219
6 Conclusions 220
Acknowledgments 220
References 221
11 Optimizing Investment Decisions for Railway Systems Protection 222
Abstract 222
1 Introduction 222
2 Background 224
3 The Railway Protection Investment Model 226
4 Solution Methodology 228
5 Case Study and Analysis 229
6 Conclusions and Discussion 238
References 239
12 The Security into the Metro System: The Copenhagen Metro Experience 241
Abstract 241
1 Introduction 241
2 The Threats 242
3 The Vulnerabilities 244
4 Metro Copenhagen 244
5 Cityringen Security Features 247
5.1 Security Solution 248
5.2 Operations Security 248
6 System Description and Architecture 248
6.1 General 248
6.2 Closed Circuit Television System (CCTV) and Video Analytics 249
6.3 Intrusion Detection and Access Control System 251
6.4 Perimeter Intrusion Detection System 252
7 Reliability and Redundancy 255
8 Conclusion 255