Dictionary of Hallucinations (eBook)

Jan Dirk Blom, M.D., Ph.D., is a clinical psychiatrist, specialized in the field of psychotic disorders. He holds a Ph.D. from the Philosophy Department of the University of Leiden, on the deconstruction of the biomedical schizophrenia concept. He is currently involved in a collaborative project with the University of Utrecht, on model based and model free analyses of fMRI activation patterns obtained from individuals with verbal auditory hallucinations, and an experimental treatment method with fMRI-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Preface 4
References 5
Acknowledgements 6
Contents 7
A 13
Abdominal Aura 13
References 13
Absinthism and Hallucinations 13
References 15
AccommodationConvergence Micropsia 15
Accommodative Micropsia 15
Acenesthesia 15
References 16
Achromatism 16
Achromatopsia 16
References 17
Acoasm 17
Acoenesthesiopathy 17
Acousma 17
Acoustic Hallucination 17
Acoustic Phantasma 17
Reference 17
Acquired Centralized Tinnitus (ACT) 17
Reference 17
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids) and Hallucinations 17
References 18
Acquired Synaesthesia 18
Acroparaesthesia 18
Active Illusion 18
Reference 18
Acute Ascending Polyneuropathy and Hallucinations 18
Acute Brain Syndrome 18
Acute Confabulatory Psychosis 18
Acute Confusional State 18
Acute Hallucinatory Insanity 18
Acute Hallucinosis 19
References 19
Acute Organic Reaction 19
Acute Psychotic Syndrome After Penicillin 19
Additional Image Perception 19
Aeropsia 19
Reference 19
Aesthetic Illusion 19
References 19
Affective or Non-specific Verbal Hallucination 19
Reference 20
Aftereffect 20
Reference 20
Afterimage 20
References 21
Afterimagery 21
Afterlife-Related Hallucination 21
References 21
Aftersensation 22
Agaric and Hallucinations 22
Agathosma 22
Reference 22
AIDS and Hallucinations 22
Akinetopsia 22
References 22
Akoasm 22
References 22
Akoasmic Noise 23
Alcohol Hallucinosis 23
Alcoholic Hallucinosis 23
References 24
Alcoholic Twilight State 24
Alcohol-Induced Psychotic Disorder 24
Aleman and Laris Definition of Hallucinations 24
Reference 24
Alexanders Band 24
Algohallucinosis 24
References 25
Algopsychalia 25
Reference 25
Al-Hasan, Abu Ali 25
Alhazan (c. 9651040) 25
References 25
Alice in Wonderland Effect 25
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome 25
References 26
Alkaloids and Hallucinations 26
References 27
Allachaesthesia 27
References 27
Allesthesia 28
Alley 28
Allocheiria 28
Allochiria 28
References 28
Allodynia 28
References 29
Alloesthesia 29
Allotopagnosia 29
Allucinatio 29
Altruistic Hallucination 29
References 29
Alucinari 29
References 30
Alucinatio 30
Alusia 30
Reference 30
Alzheimers Disease and Hallucinations 30
References 31
Amanita Reverie 31
References 33
Amaurosis and Visual Hallucinations 33
Reference 33
Amaurosis Fugax and Visual Hallucinations 33
References 33
Ambiguity 33
Ambiguous Figure 33
Ambiguous Illusion 33
References 34
Amblyopia and Hallucinations 34
References 34
AMDPs Definition of Hallucinations 34
Reference 34
AMDPs Definition of Illusions 34
Reference 34
Amentia 34
American Mandrake and Hallucinations 34
American Psychiatric Associations Definition of Hallucinations 35
Reference 35
American Psychological Associations Definition of Hallucinations 35
Reference 35
Amphetamine Psychosis and Amphetamine-Induced Hallucinations 35
References 36
Anabolic Steroids and Hallucinations 36
References 36
Anaesthesia 36
References 37
Anaesthesia Dolorosa 37
References 37
Analgesia 37
References 38
Anesthesia 38
Angel Dust and Hallucinations 38
Angels Trumpet and Hallucinations 38
Animals and Hallucinations 38
References 38
Ann the Word 38
Anomalous Colour Vision 38
Anomalous Trichromasy 38
Anomalous Trichromatism 38
References 39
Anorexia and Hallucinations 39
Anosognosia and Hallucinations 39
References 39
Anosognosia for Blindness 39
Anthelic Arc 39
References 40
Anthelion 40
References 40
Anthypnic Sensation 40
Antibiotics and Hallucinations 40
References 40
Anticholinergic Hallucinogen 41
Reference 41
Antidepressants and Hallucinations 41
References 41
Anti-hallucinatory System 41
Reference 42
Ant Ingestion and Hallucinations 42
References 42
Antipsychotics and Hallucinations 42
References 44
AntonBabinski Syndrome 44
References 44
Antons Blindness 44
Antons Symptom 44
Antons Syndrome 44
Anwesenheit 44
Apophany 44
Apophenia 44
References 45
Apparition 45
References 47
Apparitional Experience 47
Apperceptive Hallucination 47
Reference 47
Apperceptive Mindblindness 47
Reference 47
Archimedes Spiral 47
References 48
Aretaeus of Cappadocia (c. 150 ad ) 48
Reference 48
Arietis Definition of Hallucinations 48
Reference 48
Aristotles Illusion 49
References 50
Arrowhead Illusion 50
Artificial Somnambulism 50
Artificial Spectrum Top 50
Asaads Definition of Hallucinations 50
Reference 50
Asaads Definition of Illusions 50
Reference 50
Aschematia 50
References 50
Asclepiades of Bythinia (124c. 40 bc ) 51
References 51
Asomatognosia 51
Asomatoscopy 51
Asphalt Mirage 51
Assimilation 51
References 51
Assimilative Illusion 52
Reference 52
Associative Mindblindness 52
Reference 52
Asthenopic Scotoma 52
References 52
Astral Projection 52
Ataques de Locura 52
Athenodorus Cananites 53
Reference 53
Atopognosis 53
Atropa belladonna and Hallucinations 53
References 54
Atropa Mandragora and Hallucinations 54
Atropine and Hallucinations 54
References 55
Atypical Odontalgia 55
Aubanels Definition of Hallucinations 55
Reference 55
Audible Thinking 56
Audio Illusion 56
Audioalgesic Hallucination 56
Reference 56
Audioalgesic Synaesthesia 56
Audiosensitivity 56
Reference 56
Audiovisuoalgesic Hallucination 56
Reference 56
Audiovisuoalgesic Synaesthesia 56
Audition Colore 56
Auditory Aura 56
References 57
Auditory Autokinetic Effect 57
Auditory Charles Bonnet Syndrome 57
Reference 57
Auditory Deafness 57
References 57
Auditory Hallucination 57
References 59
Auditory Hyperaesthesia 59
Auditory Illusion 59
References 59
Auditory Pareidolia 59
References 60
Auditory Peripheric Hallucination 60
Auditory Perseveration 60
Auditory Sleep Start 60
Auditory Verbal Hallucination (AVH) 60
References 60
Aura 60
References 61
Aura Epileptica 61
Aural Hallucination 61
Aural Phenomenon 61
Aureole Effect 62
Autohallucination 62
Autokinesis 62
Autokinetic Effect 62
References 62
Autokinetic Illusion 63
Autokinetic Phenomenon 63
Autokinetic Sensation 63
Automatism 63
References 63
Automatosis 64
Autonomic Aura 64
Reference 64
Autophonia 64
References 64
Autophony 64
Auto-representative Phenomenon 64
Reference 64
Autoscopic Hallucination 64
References 65
Autoscopic Phenomenon 65
References 66
Autoscopy 66
References 67
Autosomatagnosia 67
Autosomatamnesia 67
Autotopagnosia 67
References 68
AVH 68
Ayahuasca -induced Hallucination 68
References 69
Ayawaska 69
B 70
Background Object of Primary Identification 70
Backmasking 70
Backward Masking and Illusions 70
Reference 70
Bagel Vision 70
Reference 71
Bananadine and Hallucinations 71
References 71
Belladonna Delirium 71
Belladonna-Induced Hallucination 71
Benhams Disk 71
Benhams Top 71
References 72
Benhams Wheel 72
Benign Hallucination 72
Reference 73
Bentall and Slades Definition of Hallucinations 73
Reference 73
Benzodiazepine-Induced Hallucination 73
References 74
Bereavement Hallucination 74
References 74
Berrioss Definition of Hallucinations 75
Reference 75
Beta-Blockers and Hallucinations 75
References 75
Bicameral Mind Theory 75
References 76
Bidwells Ghost 76
Reference 76
Bilateral Auditory Hallucination 76
Bilateral Hallucination 76
References 77
Bilateral Scotoma 77
Bilateral Spectrum 77
References 77
Binasal Hemianopia 78
Binocular Diplopia 78
Binocular Illusion 78
Reference 78
Binswanger and Siemerlings Definition of Hallucinations 78
Reference 78
Bio-Introscopy 78
Bipartition Fantasy 78
Bipolar Disorder and Hallucinations 78
Birgitta Birgersdotter 78
Birgitta of Vadstena 78
Bistable Figure 78
Bitemporal Hemianopia 78
Black Hemianopia 78
Black Patch Delirium 78
References 79
Black Patch Disease 79
Black Patch Psychosis 79
Black Patch Syndrome 79
Blake, William (17571827) 79
References 81
Blank Hallucination 81
References 81
Bleuler, Paul Eugen (18571939) 81
Reference 81
Bleulers Definition of Hallucinations 81
Reference 81
Bleulers Definition of Illusions 82
Reference 82
Blindness and Hallucinations 82
Reference 82
Blindsight 82
Reference 83
Blind Spot 83
References 83
Blue-Field Entoptic Phenomenon 83
References 83
Blue Vision 83
Bodily Hallucinated Smell 83
Bodily Hallucination 83
Reference 84
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Hallucinations 84
References 84
Body Photism 84
Reference 84
Body Schema Disturbance 84
Body Schema Illusion 84
References 85
Body Sensation Hallucination 85
Bonnet Syndrome 85
Border 85
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Hallucinations 85
References 86
Bottom-Up Hypothesis 86
Reference 86
Bouguers Halo 86
Bouncing Vision 86
Braille Hallucination 86
Brain-Damage-Induced Synaesthesia 86
Reference 86
Brain Light 86
Brainstem Auditory Hallucinosis 86
Reference 87
Brainstem Hallucination 87
Reference 87
Bridget of Sweden (13031373) 87
Reference 88
Brierre de Boismonts Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 88
Reference 88
Brobdingnagian Hallucination 88
References 88
Brobdingnagian Vision 88
References 88
Brocken Bow 88
Reference 88
Brocken Spectre 88
References 90
Buddhas Halo 90
References 90
Buddhas Light 90
Bufotenine and Hallucinations 90
References 91
C 92
Cacogeusia 92
References 92
Cacosmia 92
References 92
Caf Wall Illusion 93
Reference 101
Cambiata Illusion 93
Cannabis-induced Hallucination 93
References 95
Capgras Delusion 95
Capgras for Arm 95
Capgras for Environment 95
Capgras Syndrome for Persons 95
Capgras Syndrome for the Mirror Image 95
Capgras Syndrome 95
References 96
Cardan, Jerome (15011576) 96
References 96
Carroll, Lewis 96
Cataract Delirium 96
Causalgia 96
References 97
Celestial Illusion 97
Reference 98
Cellinis Halo 98
Cenesthetic Hallucination 98
Census of Hallucinations 98
References 99
Census of Waking Hallucinations 99
Central Achromatopsia 99
Central Macropsia 99
Reference 99
Central Pain 99
References 100
Central Tinnitus 100
References 100
Centrifugal Theory of Hallucinatory Activity 100
References 101
Centripetal Theory of Hallucinatory Activity 101
References 101
Cerebral Achromatopsia 102
Cerebral Akinetopsia 102
Cerebral Amblyopia 102
Reference 102
Cerebral Dyschromatopsia 102
Reference 102
Cerebro-Sensorial Hallucination 102
References 102
Cessation of Dreaming 102
Change Blindness 102
References 103
CharcotWilbrand Syndrome (CWS) 103
References 103
Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) 104
References 105
Charpentiers Illusion 105
References 105
Chemosensory Deficits 105
Chemosensory Disorders 105
References 106
Chessboard Design 106
Reference 106
Childhood and Hallucinations 106
References 107
Childhood Companion 107
Childhood Trauma and Hallucinations 107
References 107
Chloropsia 108
Reference 108
Choreomania 108
Chromatic Illusion 108
Chromatic-Graphemic Synaesthesia 108
Chromatic-Lexical Synaesthesia 108
Chromatic-Numeric Synaesthesia 108
Chromatic-Phonemic Synaesthesia 108
Chromatism 108
Reference 108
Chromatopsia 108
Reference 109
Chromopsia 109
Chronic Hallucinosis 109
References 109
Chronic Tactile Hallucinosis 109
References 109
Cinematographic Vision 109
References 110
Circle of Ulloa 110
Clairaudience 110
Reference 110
Clairsentience 110
Reference 110
Clairvoyance 110
Reference 110
Classification of Hallucinations 110
References 112
Clrambault Syndrome 112
Clinical Lycanthropy 112
References 112
Closed-Eye Hallucination 112
Reference 113
Closed-Eye Visual Hallucination 113
Closed-Eye Visualization 113
CNS Stimulants and Hallucinations 113
Cobweb Figure 113
Reference 114
Cocaine Bugs 114
References 114
Cocaine Hallucinosis 114
References 115
Cocaine Spots 115
Cocaine-Induced Hallucination 115
References 115
CODAM 115
Codeine and Hallucinations 116
Coenesthesiopathy 116
References 116
Coenesthetic Autoscopy 116
Reference 116
Coenesthetic Hallucination 116
References 117
Coenestopathy 117
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 117
Cognitive Illusion 117
References 118
Cognitive Model of Hallucinations 118
References 118
Cognitive Therapy and Hallucinations 118
References 119
Coherent Tinnitus 119
Reference 119
Cohn, Helen 119
Coincidental Hallucination 119
References 120
Cold Allodynia 120
Collective Apparition 120
Collective Hallucination 120
References 120
Collective Percipience 121
Coloropsia 121
Reference 121
Colour Audition 121
Colour Blindness 121
References 121
Colour Hearing 121
References 122
Colour Scotoma 122
Reference 122
Colour Vision Deficiency 122
References 122
Coloured Hearing 122
Coloured Hearing Synaesthesia 123
Coloured Language 123
Reference 123
Coloured Music 123
References 123
Coloured Taste 123
Reference 123
Coloured Words 123
Colour-Processing Deficit 123
Reference 126
Command Hallucination 124
Complementary Afterimage 124
Reference 124
Complete Hallucination 124
References 124
Complex Hallucination 124
References 125
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) 125
Complicated Metamorphopsia 125
References 125
Compound Hallucination 125
References 125
Compulsive Hallucination 126
Reference 126
Conception Hallucination 126
Conceptual Synaesthesia 126
Reference 126
Conductive Tinnitus 126
Reference 126
Cone 126
Cone-Monochromatism 126
Confuso-oneiric State 126
Contingent Aftereffect 126
Reference 127
Contingent Perceptual Aftereffect 127
Continuity Hypothesis 127
References 127
Convergence Micropsia 127
References 128
Convergence Phosphene 128
References 128
Conversion 128
Conversion Anaesthesia 128
Reference 128
Conversion Blindness 128
Conversion Hallucination 128
Conversive Hallucination 129
References 129
Cornsweet Edge 129
Cornsweet-Edge Effect 129
Cornsweet Effect 129
References 130
Cornsweet Illusion 130
Cornsweet Stimulus 130
Corollary Discharge Model 130
Corona 130
Corona Phenomenon 130
References 131
Cortical Blindness 131
Cortical Metamorphopsia 131
Cortical Probing and Hallucinations 131
References 132
Corticosteroids and Hallucinations 132
Craik-Cornsweet Illusion 132
Craik-OBrien-Cornsweet Illusion 132
Craik-OBrien Effect 132
Crank Bugs 133
Reference 133
Creative Hallucination 133
Reference 133
Crepuscular Hallucinosis 133
Reference 133
Cross-Activation Hypothesis 133
Reference 133
Cryptesthesia 133
Crystal-Vision 134
References 134
Cutaneous Perception 134
Cyanopia 134
Cyanopsia 134
Reference 134
D 135
Daltonism 135
References 135
Dancing Mania and Hallucinations 135
References 136
Dancing Plague 136
Dark Light 136
Dark Side of Oz 136
Dark Side of the Rainbow 136
References 136
Datura Hallucination 137
References 137
Davids Definition of Hallucinations 137
Reference 137
Day Blindness 137
Daydream 137
References 138
Daymare 138
References 139
De Clrambault Syndrome 139
References 139
De Maupassant, Guy (18501893) 139
Reference 139
Dead-Weight Hallucination 139
Reference 140
Deafferentiation Hypothesis of Hallucinatory Activity 140
References 140
Deafferentiation Pain 140
References 141
Deafness 141
Deathbed Apparition 141
Deathbed Escort 141
Deathbed Vision 141
References 141
Defective Corollary Discharge Model for Verbal Auditory Hallucinations 142
References 142
Defective Revisualization 142
Deformation Phosphene 142
Reference 142
Dj Experience 142
References 143
Dj Vu 143
References 144
Deliriant 144
Reference 144
Delirious Hallucination 144
Reference 144
Delirium 144
References 145
Delirium of Judgment 145
References 145
Delirium of the Senses 145
Reference 146
Delirium Tremens 146
References 147
Delusional Halitosis 147
Delusional Misidentification Syndrome 147
Delusional Reduplication Syndrome 147
Dementia and Hallucinations 147
Reference 147
Dementia Paralytica and Hallucinations 147
Demon 147
References 148
Demoors Sign 148
Dendropsia 148
References 149
Denial of Blindness 149
Depressive Disorder and Hallucinations 149
Dermal Vision 149
Dermatozoic Hallucination 149
Dermo-Optical Perception 149
Dermo-Optics 149
Descartes, Ren (15961650) 149
References 150
Desert Hallucination 150
Reference 150
Desert Mirage 150
Deutan Colour Blindness 150
Deutan Colour Deficiency 150
Deutanomaly 150
References 150
Deuteranomaly 151
Deuteranopia 151
References 151
Deuteroscopic Hallucination 151
References 151
Deuteroscopy 151
References 152
Deutschs Illusion 152
Developmental Synaesthesia 152
Reference 152
Dichromatism 152
References 152
Dichromatopsia 152
Digital Sight 152
Dimensions of Visual Imagery 152
References 153
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and Hallucinations 153
References 153
Diminutive Visual Hallucination 153
Dinitrogen Oxide and Hallucinations 153
Diplacusis 154
References 154
Diplohaptia 154
Diplopia 154
References 155
Diplopia Monocularis 155
References 155
Direct Voice 155
References 156
Disjunctivism 156
References 156
Disorder of Corporeal Awareness 156
Reference 156
Disorder of Perception 156
Disorder of Time Sense 157
Disposition 157
Dissimilar Autoscopy 157
Reference 157
Dissociation and Hallucinations 157
References 157
Dissociation Model of Hallucinatory Experience 158
References 158
Dissociative 158
References 159
Dissociative Hallucination 159
Reference 159
Dissociative Twilight State 159
Distorted Hallucination 159
Reference 159
Distortion 160
Distortion Illusion 160
Reference 160
Distortions of Vital Sensations 160
Djinn (also written as jinn or jin plural: djinns , jinns , jins , djnoun , jnoun , jenoun , or jnn )
References 161
D-Nightmare 161
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge (18321898) 161
References 162
Donizetti, Domenico Gaetano Maria (17971848) 162
Reference 162
Donut Vision 162
Dopamine Hypothesis of Hallucinatory Activity 162
References 163
Doppeldenken 163
Reference 163
Doppelgnger 163
References 165
Doppler Effect 164
References 164
Doppler Shift 165
Dostoevsky, Fjodor Michajlovitsj (18211881) 165
References 165
Double 165
Double Consciousness 165
References 166
Double Dream 166
Reference 166
Double Hearing 166
Double Mirage 166
Reference 166
Double Perceptions 167
Double Rainbow 167
Doubling of Awareness 167
Doughnut Vision 167
Downward Sensory Impulse 167
Dream 167
References 167
Dream Anxiety Attack 168
Dream Fish 168
References 168
Dream Intrusion 168
Dream Pain 168
Dream Scintillation 168
References 168
Dream Screen 169
References 169
Dreaming True 169
Dreamy Mental State 169
Dreamy State 169
References 170
Drug 170
Drug-Induced Hallucination 170
References 170
Drug-Induced Synaesthesia 170
Reference 170
Dual Consciousness 170
Dual-input Model of Hallucinations 170
Reference 171
Dual System Experience 171
Reference 171
Duck-Rabbit 171
Dumbbell Phosphene 171
Reference 171
Duplication of Consciousness 171
Dysacusis 171
Dysaesthesia 171
Reference 172
Dysauris 172
Dyschromatopsia 172
Reference 172
Dyschronation 172
Dysgeusia 172
References 172
Dysmegalopsia 172
Reference 172
Dysmetropsia 173
References 173
Dysmorphopsia 173
References 173
Dysosmia 173
Dysplatopsia 173
Reference 174
E 175
Earthquake 175
Reference 175
cho de la pense 175
References 175
Echo of Reading 175
References 176
Ecsomatic Experience 176
Ecstasy with Looking Back at Oneself 176
Ecstasy, Mysticism, and Hallucinations 176
References 177
Ecstatic Aura 177
References 177
Ectoplasm 178
References 179
Ectoplasmic Substance 179
Eidetic Image 179
References 180
Eidetic Imagery 180
Eidetic Phenomenon 180
Eideticum 180
References 180
Eidolia 180
Eigengrau 180
References 181
Eigenlicht 181
Electrocortical Stimulation 181
Electromagnetic Field Disturbances and Hallucinations 181
Electronic Voice Phenomenon (EVP) 181
References 181
Elementary Hallucination 181
Emminghauss Definition of Hallucinations 181
Reference 181
Endomorphins and Hallucinations 181
Endorphins and Hallucinations 182
Enhanced Stereoscopic Vision 182
Reference 182
Entheogen 182
Reference 182
Entity 182
Reference 182
Entomopia 183
Reference 183
Entophthalmic Phenomenon 183
Reference 183
Entopsia 183
Entoptic Form 183
Entoptic Hallucination 183
Reference 183
Entoptic Image 183
Entoptic Imagery 183
Entoptic Phenomenon 184
References 184
Environmental Tilt 184
References 185
Ephedrine and Hallucinations 185
References 185
Ephialtes 185
Reference 186
Ephialtes Nocturnus 186
Reference 186
Ephialtes Vigilantium 186
Reference 186
Ephialtis 186
Epidemic Chorea 186
Epidemic Hallucination 186
References 186
Epidemic of Dancing 187
Epigastric Aura 187
Epilepsy and Hallucinations 187
References 188
Epileptic Dj vu 188
Epileptic Hallucination 188
References 189
Epileptic Synaesthesia 189
Reference 189
Epileptic Twilight State 189
Episodic Twilight State 189
Erethic Hallucination 189
Reference 189
Erotic Hallucination 189
Erythropsia 189
References 189
Esquirols Definition of Hallucinations 190
Reference 190
Esquirols Definition of Illusons 190
Reference 190
Esthetic Illusion 190
Ethanol and Hallucinations 190
Excursion of the Ego 190
Expectancy Hypothesis of Hallucinatory Experience 190
References 191
Experiential Hallucination 191
References 191
Experiential Hallucinosis 191
Experiential Ictal Phenomenon 191
Reference 191
Experiential Phenomenon 191
Experiential Projector Model of Hallucinations 191
Reference 192
Experiential Response 192
Experiential Seizure 192
Exploding Head Syndrome 192
References 193
Exteriorisation of Sensibility 193
External Auditory Hallucination 193
References 193
External Autoscopy 193
References 193
Extracampine Hallucination 193
References 194
Extrasensory Perception 194
Extrinsic Olfactory Hallucination 194
Reference 194
Eys Definition of Hallucinations 194
Reference 194
Eye Floaters 194
Eyeless Sight 194
Eyeless Vision 194
References 195
Eye-Movement Phosphene 195
F 196
Face Hallucination 196
Faces in the Dark 196
Facial Hallucination 196
Reference 196
Fallacia 196
Reference 196
False Awakening 196
References 197
False Bodily Awareness 197
False Hallucination 197
Reference 197
False Paracusis 197
False Proximate Awareness 197
Falsidical Hallucination 197
Reference 197
Familiar 197
Fantastic Hallucination 197
Fasting-Induced Hallucination 197
References 198
Fata Bromosa 198
Fata Morgana 198
References 198
Fata Morgana of the Visual Sphere 199
Fechners Colours 199
References 199
Feedback Signal 200
Feeling of a Presence (FOP) 200
Ferenczis Definition of Hallucinations 200
Reference 200
Ferenczis Definition of Illusions 200
Reference 200
Fiction 200
Fiction Illusion 200
Reference 200
Fiery Rings of Purkinje 200
References 201
Figment 201
Reference 201
Figure-Ground Vase 201
Filigree 201
Filled-Space Illusion 201
Filled/Unfilled Space Illusion 201
Finger Vision 201
Fischers Definition of Hallucinations 201
Reference 201
Flashback (Drug Related) 201
References 202
Flashback (in PTSD) 202
Flashback Phenomenon 202
Flashbulb Memory 203
References 203
Flaubert, Gustave (18211880) 203
References 203
Flick Phosphene 203
Reference 204
Flicker colours 204
Flicker-Induced Hallucination 204
Flickering Consciousness 204
Flittering Scotoma 204
Floaters 204
Floating-Finger Illusion 204
Reference 204
Floor-On-Ceiling Phenomenon 204
Fly Mushroom and Hallucinations 204
Focal Hallucination 204
Reference 205
Fogbow 205
Food Refusal and Hallucinations 205
Force-Movement Illusion 205
Reference 205
Forels Definition of Hallucinations 205
Reference 205
Forels Definition of Illusions 205
Reference 205
Form-Constant 205
References 206
Formed Hallucination 206
Reference 206
Formed Vision 207
Formed Visual Hallucination 207
Formication 207
Formicative Hallucination 207
References 207
Fortification Figure 207
Fortification of Vauban 207
References 208
Fortification Spectrum 208
References 209
Four-Factor Model of Hallucinations 209
References 209
Frgoli Syndrome for Place 209
Frgolis Illusion 209
Frgolis Phenomenon 209
References 210
Frgolis Syndrome 210
Fretwork 210
Freud, Sigmund (18561939) 210
References 210
Freuds Opinion on Hallucinations 210
Reference 210
Functional Hallucination 210
References 211
Functional Hallucinosis 211
References 212
Funnel 212
G 213
Galtons Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 213
Reference 213
Ganglionic Hallucination 213
Reference 213
Ganglionic Illusion 213
References 214
Garden Hose Bow 214
Gedankenhren 214
Gedankenlautwerden 214
References 214
Glineaus Disease and Hallucinations 215
General Elementary Somatopsychosis 215
Generalized Anaesthesia 215
General Paresis and Hallucinations 215
Genital Hallucination 216
References 215
Genuine Hallucination 215
Reference 215
Geometrical Hallucination 215
Geometrical Spectrum 215
Geometric Hallucination 215
References 216
GeometricOptical Illusion 216
References 217
Geometric Visual Hallucination 217
Geometrizating Illusion 217
Geyser Bow 217
Ghosting 217
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Hallucinations 217
Glissando Illusion 217
Glory 217
Glue Sniffing and Hallucinations 217
Goblet Figure 217
God Helmet 217
Gogh, Vincent Van 217
Grand Illusion Argument 218
References 218
Grapheme-Colour Synaesthesia 218
References 218
Graphic Hallucination 218
Graphic Speech Hallucination 218
Grating 218
Grey Hemianopia 218
Grief Hallucination 218
GuillainBarr Syndrome (GBS) and Hallucinations 218
References 221
Gulliverian Hallucination 219
References 220
Gurney, Myers, and Podmores Definition of Hallucinations 220
Reference 220
Gustation Colore 220
Gustatism 220
References 220
Gustatory Aura 220
References 220
Gustatory Hallucination 221
References 221
Gustatory Illusion 222
References 222
Gustatory Phantasma 222
Gyropsia 222
Reference 222
H 223
Hafgerdingar 223
Reference 223
Hafgerdingar Effect 223
Hagens Definition of Hallucinations 223
Reference 223
Haidinger Brushes 223
Haidingers Brush 223
References 224
Haidingers Brushes 224
Haidingers Polarization Brushes 224
Halitosis 224
Hallucinated Game 224
Reference 224
Hallucinated Headache 224
References 225
Hallucinated Inner Speech 225
References 225
Hallucinated Pain Syndrome 226
References 226
Hallucinated Playmate 227
Hallucinated Speech 227
Hallucinatio 227
Hallucination 227
References 228
Hallucination in Braille 228
Reference 228
Hallucination Normale 228
Hallucination of Apperception 229
Hallucination of Memory 229
Hallucination of Motion 229
Hallucination of Perception 229
Hallucination of Physical Duality 229
Hallucination of Presence 229
Hallucination of Smell 229
Hallucination of Taste 229
Hallucination of the Self 229
Hallucination of the Senses 229
Hallucination of Touch 229
Hallucination Proper 229
Hallucination Psychonome 229
References 229
Hallucination-Focused Integrative Treatment (HIT) 229
Reference 230
Hallucinator 230
Reference 230
Hallucinatory Confusion 230
Reference 230
Hallucinatory Diplopia 230
Hallucinatory Disposition 230
Reference 230
Hallucinatory Epilepsy 230
Reference 231
Hallucinatory Flicker-Induced Experience 231
Hallucinatory Form-Constants 231
Hallucinatory Game 231
Hallucinatory Halitosis 231
Reference 231
Hallucinatory Insanity 231
Hallucinatory Madness 231
Reference 232
Hallucinatory Memory 232
Hallucinatory Near-Death Experience 232
Hallucinatory Neologism 232
References 232
Hallucinatory Obsession 232
References 232
Hallucinatory Polyopia 233
Reference 233
Hallucinatory Predisposition 233
Hallucinatory State 233
References 233
Hallucinatory Suggestion 233
Reference 233
Hallucinatory Twilight State 233
Reference 234
Hallucinogen 234
References 235
Hallucinogen Hallucinosis 235
Hallucinogen-Induced Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) 235
References 235
Hallucinogenic Drug 235
Hallucinogenic Fish Poisoning 235
Hallucinogenic Salamander Brandy 235
References 236
Hallucinogenic Substance 236
Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder 236
Hallucinoid Experience 236
References 236
Hallucinosic Syndrome 236
Reference 237
Hallucinosis 237
References 237
Hallucinosis Phantastica 237
References 237
Hallucinotic Eidolia 237
References 238
Halo 238
References 239
Halo Vision 239
Halucinari 239
Reference 239
Haptic Hallucination 240
Hare in the Moon 240
Hashish Hallucination 240
References 241
Hat Illusion 241
Reference 241
Hat-Wearing Illusion 241
Haydn, Franz Joseph (17321809) 241
References 241
Hearing Loss and Hallucinations 241
References 242
Hearing Voices Movement 242
References 242
Heat Allodynia 242
Heatoscopy Without Optical Image 242
Heautoscopy 242
References 243
Heautoscopy Proper 243
Heiligenschein 243
References 244
Hemeralopia 244
Reference 244
Hemeralopsia 244
Hemiachromatopsia 244
Reference 244
Hemianopia 244
References 245
Hemianopic Hallucination 245
References 246
Hemianopsia 246
Hemianoptic Hallucination 247
Hemianoptic Optical Hallucination 247
Hemiasomatognosia 247
Reference 247
Hemidepersonalization 247
Hemihallucination 247
Hemimacropsia 247
Reference 247
Hemimetamorphopsia 247
Reference 247
Hemimicropsia 247
Reference 248
Hemiopic Hallucination 248
Hemioptic Hallucination 248
Hemiprosopometamorphopsia 248
Hemispatial Visual Inattention 248
Henbane and Hallucinations 248
Reference 248
Herings Afterimage 248
Reference 248
Heroin-Induced Hallucination 248
Herringbone 249
Hess Afterimage 249
Reference 249
Heterosexual Heautoscopy 249
Reference 249
Heterotopagnosia 249
Hibberts Definition of Hallucinations 249
Reference 249
Highway Inferior Mirage 249
Highway Mirage 249
Reference 250
Hildegard of Bingen (10981179) 250
References 251
Hillingar Effect 251
HIT 251
Hodological Model of Hallucinatory Activity 252
References 252
Hodotopic Model of Hallucinatory Activity 252
References 252
HoffmannTinel Sign 252
Hoign Syndrome 252
References 253
Hole-in-the-Hand 253
Holocampine Hallucination 253
Homochromatic Afterimage 253
Reference 253
Honeycomb 253
Hoppes Definition of Hallucinations 253
Reference 253
Horizon Illusion 254
Horowitzs Definition of Hallucinations 254
Reference 254
Hostage Hallucination 254
References 254
Hostage Hallucinosis 254
Hot-Road Mirage 254
Hsieh-Ping 254
Reference 254
Human Sonar Hypothesis of Auditory Hallucinations 254
References 255
Hydromancy 255
Hygric Hallucination 255
References 255
Hygric Sensation 256
Hyperacusis 256
References 256
Hyperacusis Dolorosa 256
Hyperaesthesia 256
Reference 256
Hyperalgesia 256
References 256
Hyperaroused Hallucination 257
References 257
Hyperchromatopsia 257
Reference 257
Hypercoenesthesiopathy 257
References 258
Hypergeusia 258
References 258
Hyperosmia 258
References 258
Hyperpathia 258
Reference 258
Hyperschematia 259
References 259
Hypnagogia 259
Reference 259
Hypnagogic Hallucination 259
References 260
Hypnagogic Imagery 260
Hypnagogic Nightmare 260
Reference 261
Hypnagogic Reverie 261
Hypnagogic Syndrome 261
Reference 261
Hypnagogic Visualization 261
Hypnalgia 261
Reference 261
Hypnolepsy 261
Hypnopathy 261
Hypnopompic Hallucination 261
References 262
Hypnosis 262
Hypnotic Blindness 262
Reference 262
Hypnotic Hallucination 262
Hypnotically Induced Hallucination 263
References 263
Hypnotism and Hallucinations 263
References 264
Hypoaroused Hallucination 264
References 265
Hypoglycaemia-Induced Hallucination 265
References 265
Hyposchematia 266
References 266
Hysterical Blindness 266
Reference 266
Hysterical Hallucination 266
References 266
Hysterical Twilight State 267
I 268
Ianothinopsia 268
Reference 268
Ibn al-Haytham 268
Icelus 268
Ichthyoallyeinotoxism 268
Reference 269
Ictal Blindness and Hallucinations 269
References 269
Ictal Hallucination 269
References 270
Ictal Illusion 270
References 270
Ictal Metamorphopsia 270
References 270
Ictal Religious Experience 270
Reference 270
Idea of a Presence 271
Ideoplasm 271
Idionecrophany 271
Reference 271
Idiopathic Autoscopy 271
Reference 271
Idiopathic Synaesthesia 271
Reference 271
Idiophany 271
Reference 271
Idioretinal Light 271
Idioretinal Phenomenon 271
Idioretinal Sensation 272
Idolum 272
Reference 272
Ikelos 272
Illicit Substances and Hallucinations 272
Illusinogen 272
Illusio 272
Illusion 272
References 273
Illusion des Sosies 274
Reference 274
Illusion of Comparative Interpretation 274
Illusion of Corporeal Displacement 274
Illusion of Corporeal Transformation 274
Illusion of Doubles 274
Illusion of False Recognition 274
Illusion of Illusion 274
Reference 274
Illusion of Immanence 274
Reference 274
Illusion of Recognition 274
Reference 275
Illusion of the Pierced Hand 275
References 275
Illusion of the Senses 275
Reference 275
Illusional Emotion 275
References 276
Illusionism 276
References 276
Illusive Conception 276
Reference 276
Illusive Perception 276
Reference 277
Illusory Alteration of Time 277
Illusory Arm Extension 277
References 277
Illusory Colours 277
Illusory Displacement of Limbs 277
Reference 277
Illusory Motor Movement 277
Illusory Movement Experience 277
References 278
Illusory Movement of Limbs 278
Reference 278
Illusory Nose Prolongation 278
Illusory Splitting 278
References 278
Illusory Vertical Splitting 278
Illusory Visual Perseveration 279
Illusory Visual Spread 279
References 279
Imagery 279
References 279
Imaginal Polyopia 279
Reference 280
Imaginarii 280
Reference 280
Imaginary Companion 280
References 281
Imaginary Halitosis 281
Imaginary Playmate 281
Imagistic Phosphene 281
References 281
Imperative Hallucination 281
References 281
Imperception for One Half of the Body 282
Inattentional Blindness 282
References 282
Inattentional Deafness 282
References 282
Incoherent Tinnitus 282
Reference 283
Incomplete Achromatopsia 283
Incomplete Hallucination 283
Reference 283
Incubo 283
Incubus 283
References 284
Incubus Experience 285
Indirect Gedankenlautwerden 285
Reference 285
Induced Hallucination 285
Induced Motion 285
References 285
Infants and Hallucinations 285
Inferior Mirage 285
References 286
Inhalants and Hallucinations 286
References 287
Inhalers and Hallucinations 287
Reference 287
Inner Heautoscopy 287
Inner Language 287
Inner Speech 287
References 288
Inner Speech Model for Verbal Auditory Hallucinations 288
References 289
Inner Thought 289
Input Model of Hallucinatory Activity 289
References 290
Insect Hallucination 290
Insect Vision 290
Intellectual Aura 290
Reference 290
Interictal Religious Experience 290
Reference 290
Intermetamorphosis Syndrome 290
References 291
Internal Auditory Hallucination 291
References 291
Internal Autoscopy 291
References 292
Internal Heautoscopy 292
Internalized Speech 292
Interpretive Illusion 292
Intersensorial Hallucination 292
Intervoice 292
Reference 292
Intrinsic Olfactory Hallucination 292
Reference 292
Intruder 292
Reference 292
Intruder Experience 293
Intruder Hallucination 293
Intuitive Hallucination 293
Reference 293
Inverted Vision 293
References 293
Irreminiscence 293
Irritative Form of Hallucinatory Activity 293
Reference 293
Isakower Phenomenon 293
References 294
Isolation Experiments 294
J 295
Jacksons Law 295
Reference 295
Jamais Vu 295
Reference 295
Jamess Definition of Hallucinations 296
Reference 296
Jasperss Definition of Illusions and Hallucinations 296
Reference 296
Jastrows DuckRabbit 296
References 297
Jeanne dArc 298
Jeanne la Pucelle 298
Jehanne 298
Jehanne dArc 298
Jenners Definition of Hallucinations 298
Reference 298
Jin 298
Jinn 298
Joan of Arc (14121431) 298
References 298
Johnsons Definition of Hallucinations 299
Reference 299
Jung, Carl Gustav (18751961) 299
References 299
Jungs Definition of Hallucinations 299
Reference 299
K 300
Kakopsia 300
Reference 300
Kalopsia 300
References 300
Kandinsky, Victor (18491889) 300
References 301
Kandinsky, Wassily (18661944) 301
References 301
Kandinskys Definition of Hallucinations 301
Reference 301
Kanners Definition of Hallucinations 301
Reference 301
Kava-Induced Hallucination 301
References 302
Khat-Induced Hallucination 302
Kinaesthetic Aftereffect 302
References 303
Kinaesthetic Hallucination 303
References 303
Kinaesthetic Illusion 304
Kinesthetic Hallucination 304
Kinetic Depth Effect 304
Kinetopsia 304
Reference 304
Koren Helmet 304
References 304
Kraepelins Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 304
Reference 305
Krafft-Ebings Definition of Hallucinations 305
Reference 305
Kundts Rule 305
L 306
La Barres Definition of Hallucinations 306
Reference 306
La Barres Definition of Illusions 306
Reference 306
Lady in the Moon 306
Lateral Mirage 306
Reference 307
Lattice 307
Laudanum and Hallucinations 307
Laughing Gas and Hallucinations 307
Lavaters Definition of Hallucinations 307
References 308
Lebers Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) and Hallucinations 308
References 308
Lecanomancy 308
Lee, Ann (17361784) 308
References 308
Left Size Distortion 308
Leibhafte Bewusstheit 308
References 309
Lelongs Definition of Hallucinations 309
Reference 309
Leubuschers Definition of Hallucinations 309
Reference 309
Lhermitte Syndrome 309
Lhermittes Definition of Hallucinations 309
Reference 309
Lhermittes Definition of Illusions 309
Reference 309
Lhermittes Hallucinosis 309
Light Flashes 310
Light Phonism 310
Reference 310
Light Chaos 310
Light Dust 310
Lilliput Sight 310
Lilliput Vision 310
Lilliputian Hallucination 310
References 311
Lilliputianism 311
Lincolns Top Hat Illusion 311
Liszt, Ferenc (18111886) 311
Reference 311
Locura 311
Reference 311
Logopsia 311
Loss of Stereoscopic Vision 311
Reference 312
Loudness Discomfort 312
Loudness Intolerance 312
Love-Phantom 312
LSD and Hallucinations 312
LSD Trip 312
Reference 312
Lucid Dream 312
References 313
Lucidity 313
Lues and Hallucinations 313
Luminous Hemianopia 313
Luminous Phenomenon 313
Reference 313
Lunar Bow 313
Luther, Martin (14831546) 313
References 314
Lycanthropy 314
Lycomania 314
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Hallucinations 314
References 315
M 316
Mach Band Illusion 316
Mach Bands 316
References 316
Macphersons Definition of Hallucinations 316
Reference 316
Macroproxiopia 316
Reference 317
Macropsia 317
References 317
Macropsy 317
Macroptic Hallucination 317
References 318
Macroptic Vision 318
Macroscopic Aura 318
Reference 318
Macrosomatognosia 318
References 318
Macrostereognosia 318
References 319
Macrostereognosis 319
Macular Star Pattern 320
Reference 320
Magazine Sign 320
Reference 320
Magicum 320
Magnans Sign 320
Reference 320
MagnanSaurys Sign 320
Magnetic Field Disturbances and Hallucinations 320
Magnification 320
Reference 320
Maid of Orleans 320
Major Tranquilizers and Hallucinations 321
Malignant Hallucination 321
Reference 321
Mandragora of Theophrastus and Hallucinations 321
Mandragora officinarum and Hallucinations 321
References 321
Mandrake and Hallucinations 321
Manic-Depressive Disorder and Hallucinations 322
Man in the Moon 322
Reference 322
Mar 322
Reference 322
Mare 322
Reference 322
Marihuana-Induced Hallucination 322
References 322
Marine Bow 323
Mariottes Spot 323
Mass Hallucinosis 323
Matrix of the Mind 323
Maudsleys Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 323
Reference 323
Maupassant 323
Mayapple and Hallucinations 323
Reference 323
McCollough Effect 323
References 324
Mechanism Illusion 324
Megalopia 324
Megalopsia 324
Memory Flashback 324
Memory Hallucination 324
References 325
Memory Illusion 325
References 325
Memory-Afterimage 325
References 325
Mental Hallucination 325
Mental Imagery 325
Mental Synaesthesia 326
Reference 326
Mentalia 326
Merleau-Pontys Opinion on Hallucinations 326
Reference 326
Mescaline and Hallucinations 326
References 327
Mescalism 327
Mesencephalic Hallucinosis 327
References 327
Metamorphopsia 328
References 329
Metamorphopsia for Faces 329
Methadone and Hallucinations 329
Methamphetamine and Hallucinations 329
Micropsia 329
References 330
Micropsy 330
Microptic Hallucination 330
References 330
Microptic Vision 330
Microscopic Aura 330
Reference 330
Microscopic Hallucination 330
Microsleep 330
References 331
Microsomatognosia 331
References 331
Microstereognosia 331
References 332
Microstereognosis 332
Microtelepsia 332
References 332
Migraine Aura 332
References 333
Mindblindness 333
References 334
Mind Pain 334
Miniaturization 334
Minification 334
Reference 334
Minor Hallucination 334
Reference 334
Mirage 334
References 335
Mirror Hallucination 335
Mirror Sign 335
References 336
Mirrored Self-Misidentification 336
References 336
Misattribution of Inner Speech 336
Misidentification Syndrome 336
References 337
Misperception 337
Mist Bow 338
Mock Moon 338
Mock Sun 338
Monday Morning Syndrome 338
Monition 338
References 338
Monition of Approach 338
Monochromatism 338
Monochromatopsia 338
Monocular Complex Hallucination 338
Monocular Diplopia 338
Monocular Hallucination 338
References 339
Monocular Metamorphopsia 339
Reference 339
Mood Disorder and Hallucinations 339
References 339
Mood-Congruent Hallucination 340
Reference 340
Mood-Incongruent Hallucination 340
Reference 340
Moon Illusion 340
References 341
Moonblink 341
Moon-Size Illusion 341
Moores Lightning Streaks 341
References 342
Moreau de Tours Definition of Hallucinations 342
Reference 342
Morpheus 342
References 342
Morphine and Hallucinations 342
Morphopsia 342
Reference 342
Mosaic Illusion 342
Mosaic Vision 342
References 344
Mother Ann 344
Mother Ann Lee 344
Motion Aftereffect (MAE) 344
References 345
Motor Hallucination 345
Reference 345
Motor Illusion 345
References 346
Motor Sensation 346
Motor Tinnitus 346
Reference 346
Motor Verbal Hallucination 346
Mouches Volantes 346
Mountain Spectre 346
Movement Phonism 347
Reference 346
Movement Phosphene 346
Reference 346
Movement Photism 346
Reference 347
Movie Format of Visual Hallucinations 347
Moving Hallucination 347
Reference 347
Moving Scotoma 347
Reference 347
Mozart, Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus (17561791) 347
Reference 347
Mller, Johannes Peter (18011858) 347
References 347
Mller-Lyer Illusion 348
References 348
Multimodal Hallucination 348
Multiplication 349
Reference 349
Munch, Edvard (18631944) 349
Reference 349
Muscae Volitantes 349
References 349
Muscular Verbal Hallucination 349
Mushrooms and Hallucinations 349
Musical Hallucination 350
References 350
Musical Hallucinosis 351
Musical Illusion 351
References 351
Musical Tinnitus 351
Reference 351
Music-Colour Synaesthesia 351
Myerss Definition of Hallucinations 351
Reference 351
Myiodeopsia 352
Myiodesopsia 352
Myodeopsia 352
Myodesopsia 352
Mysticism and Hallucinations 352
References 352
Mysticomimetic 352
N 353
Nabokov, Vladimir Vladimirovich (18991977) 353
Reference 353
Napoleon Bonaparte (17691821) 353
Reference 354
Narcolepsy and Hallucinations 354
References 354
Narcotic Hallucinosis 354
Reference 355
Near-Death Experience (NDE) 355
Reference 355
Nebenbildwahrnehmung 355
Necker Cube 355
References 355
Negative Afterimage 356
Reference 355
Negative Autoscopy 355
References 357
Negative Hallucination 357
References 357
Negative Heautoscopy 358
Negative Hemianopia 358
Negative Phantom 358
Negative Scotoma 358
Reference 358
Negative Visual Aura 358
Nervenreiztraum 358
Reference 358
Neural Injury Pain 358
Neuroleptics and Hallucinations 358
Neurolues and Hallucinations 358
Neurosyphilis and Hallucinations 358
Nicolai, Christoph Friedrich (17331811) 358
References 359
Nicotine Intoxication and Hallucinations 359
Reference 360
Nietzsche, Friedrich (18441900) 360
References 360
Night Blindness 360
Night Dream 361
Night-Hag 361
Night-Mare 361
Nightmare 361
References 362
Nightmare Fish 362
Nightshade and Hallucinations 362
Nijinsky, Vaslav (18891950) 362
References 363
Nitrous Oxide Hallucination 363
References 364
N,N -Dimethyltryptamine and Hallucinations 364
Noctambulism 364
Nocturnal Dream 364
Noise-Type Tinnitus 364
Reference 364
Non-affective Verbal Hallucination 364
Reference 364
Non-coincidental Hallucination 364
Reference 364
Non-hallucinator 365
Non-ictal Hallucination 365
Reference 365
Non-idiopathic Synaesthesia 365
Reference 365
Non-morbid Hallucination 365
Non-sensory Hallucination 365
Reference 365
Non-specific Verbal Hallucination 365
Nonverbal Auditory Hallucination 365
References 365
Nonverbal Hallucination 366
Reference 366
Nonvocal Auditory Hallucination 366
Normal Hallucination 366
Norman Arch 366
Novaya Zemlya 366
Number-Colour Synaesthesia 366
Reference 366
Number Form 366
References 367
Number-Form Synaesthesia 367
Reference 367
Numen Praesens 367
Numinous 367
Reference 367
Nussbaumer, F.A. 367
References 367
Nutmeg and Hallucinations 369
References 369
Nyctalopia 369
References 370
O 371
Objective Polyopia 371
Reference 371
Objective Tinnitus 371
Reference 371
Obscuration 371
Reference 372
Obsessional Hallucination 372
References 372
Obsessive Speaking 372
Octave Illusion 372
Ocular Spectra 372
Oculomotor Macropsia 372
Reference 372
Oculomotor Micropsia 372
Old Age and Hallucinations 372
References 373
Olfactism 373
References 373
Olfactory Aura 373
References 374
Olfactory Flashback 374
Reference 374
Olfactory Hallucination 374
References 375
Olfactory Illusion 375
References 375
Olfactory Phantasma 375
Olfactory Reference Syndrome 375
References 376
Oliver Sackss Syndrome 376
Ololiuqui-Induced Hallucination 376
References 376
Oneirism 376
Reference 376
Oneirogagic Image 376
Oneiroi 377
Reference 377
Oneiroid Hallucination 377
References 377
Onomatomania 377
Ophthalmopathic Hallucination 377
References 377
Opiates and Hallucinations 377
Opioid-Induced Hallucination 377
References 378
Oppel Illusion 378
OppelKundt Illusion 379
References 379
Optical Allachaesthesia 379
Optical Alloaesthesia 379
Optical Allochiria 379
Optical Hallucination 379
Optical Halo 379
Optical Illusion 379
References 380
Optical Paradox 380
Reference 380
Optogeometric Illusion 380
Ordinal-Linguistic Personification (OLP) 380
References 380
Organic Autorepresentation 380
Organic Hallucination 380
Reference 380
Organic Hallucinosis 380
References 381
Organic Twilight State 381
Organization Phase 381
References 381
Organized Hallucination 381
Original Afterimage 381
Reference 381
Orthographic Hallucination 381
Reference 382
Oscillopsia 382
References 382
Osis and Haraldssons Definition of Hallucinations 382
Reference 382
Otic Tinnitus 382
References 382
Out-of-Body Experience (OBE or OOBE) 383
References 384
Out-of-the-Body Experience 384
Output Model of Hallucinatory Activity 384
References 384
Over-Recruitment 384
P 385
PAD Model 385
Palihaptic Phenomenon 385
Palinacousis 385
Palinacusis 385
References 386
Palinaesthesia 386
Palinopsia 386
References 387
Paliopsia 387
References 387
Panoramic Hallucination 387
References 387
Parachromatopsia 388
Paracoenesthesiopathy 388
References 388
Paracousis 388
Paracusis 388
References 389
Paracusis Duplicata 389
Reference 389
Paracusis Loci 389
Reference 389
Paracusis of Willis 389
References 389
Paracusis Willisiana 389
Paracusis Willisii 389
Paradox 389
Paradox Illusion 389
Reference 390
Paradoxical Cold 390
References 390
Paradoxical Deafness 390
Paradoxical Hearing Loss 390
Paradoxical Heat 390
Reference 391
Paradoxic Time Sense 391
Paraesthesia 391
Reference 391
Parageusia 391
References 391
Paragustia 391
Paranoia Hallucinatoria 391
References 392
Para-optic Perception 392
References 392
Paraosmia 392
Paraschematia 392
Reference 392
Paraselene 393
Parasitic Memory Hypothesis 393
References 393
Pareidolia 393
References 394
Pareidolic Illusion 394
Parhelion 394
Parishs Definition of Hallucinations 394
References 394
Parkinsons Disease and Hallucinations 394
References 395
Paroptic Vision 395
Parosmia 395
References 395
Paroxysmal Sleep 395
Partial Hallucination 395
Partial Macrosomatognosia 396
Reference 395
Partial Microsomatognosia 395
Reference 396
Pascal, Blaise (16231662) 396
References 396
Passage Hallucination 396
Reference 396
Passive Illusion 396
Reference 397
Pathological Hallucination 397
References 397
Pattern-Induced Flicker Colours 397
PCP and Hallucinations 397
Peduncular Hallucination 397
References 398
Peduncular Hallucinosis 398
Pedunculopontine Hallucinosis 398
Pelopsia 398
Reference 398
Penicillin Psychosis 399
Perceiver-Distortion Illusion 399
Perception and Attention Deficit Model (PAD Model) 399
Reference 399
Perceptive Hallucination 399
References 399
Perceptual Aftereffect 399
Perceptual Distortion 399
Perceptual Disturbance 399
References 400
Perceptual Illusion 400
Perceptual Lag Phenomenon 400
References 400
Perceptual Minification 400
Perceptual Release Theory of Hallucinations 400
References 401
Perceptual Synaesthesia 401
Reference 401
Perceptualization of the Concept 401
References 401
Perceval, John Thomas (18031876) 402
References 402
Peripheral Tinnitus 402
Perky Effect 402
Perky Phenomenon 402
References 403
Perseveration 403
Perseverative Somaesthetic Sensation 403
Persistent Aura Without Infarction 403
Reference 403
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PGAD) 403
Persistent Sexual Arousal Syndrome (PSAS) 403
Reference 403
Persistent Hallucinosis 403
Reference 403
Personification 404
References 404
Personification Anosognosia 404
Peyote and Hallucinations 404
Phanerothyme 404
Phantasm 404
Phantasma 404
References 405
Phantasmagoria 405
References 405
Phantasos 406
References 406
Phantasticon 406
References 406
Phantasticum 406
References 406
Phantidolie 407
Reference 407
Phantom 407
Reference 407
Phantom Alloaesthesia 407
Reference 407
Phantom Alloaesthesic Sensation 408
Phantom Boarder Symptom 408
Phantom Boarder Syndrome (PBS) 408
References 408
Phantom Double 408
Phantom Eye Syndrome 408
Reference 409
Phantom Illusion 409
References 409
Phantom Impressions 409
Phantom Limb Illusion 409
References 410
Phantom Nose Illusion 410
Phantom Pain 410
Reference 410
Phantom Sensation 410
References 410
Phantom Smell 410
Phantom Sounds 411
Phantom Tooth Pain 411
Reference 411
Phantom Vision 411
Reference 411
Phantosmia 411
Phencyclidine-Induced Hallucination 411
References 412
Phobetor 412
References 412
Phobitor 412
Phoneme 412
References 412
Phonemic Hallucination 412
References 412
Phonism 413
References 413
Phonophobia 413
Phonopsia 413
Reference 413
Phosphene 413
References 413
Phosphorescence of the Retina 414
Photically Induced Hallucination 414
References 414
Photism 414
References 414
Photographic Memory 414
Photome 414
Photopsia 414
References 415
Phrenalgia 415
Physical Illusion 415
References 415
Physiological Blind Spot 415
Physiological Hallucination 415
References 416
Physiological Illusion 416
References 416
Physiological Scotoma 416
Picasso, Pablo Ruiz (18811973) 416
References 416
Picture Sign 416
Reference 416
Pinocchio Illusion 417
References 417
Pirouxs Definition of Hallucinations 417
Reference 417
Plagiopsia 417
References 417
Plateaus Spiral 418
Plauts Hallucinosis 418
References 418
Poetzl Phenomenon 418
Poggendorff Illusion 418
References 418
Point de repre 418
References 419
Poltergeist Activity 419
Poltergeist Effect 419
Poltergeist Manifestation 419
References 419
Polyaesthesia 420
Polymodal Hallucination 420
Polyopia 420
References 420
Polyopic Heautoscopy 420
References 421
Polyopsia 421
Polysensorial Hallucination 421
Polysensory Hallucination 421
Polysensual Hallucination 421
Popular Hallucination 421
Porromacropsia 421
Porromicropsia 421
Porropsia 421
Reference 422
Positive Afterimage 422
References 422
Positive Autoscopy 422
Reference 423
Positive Hallucination 422
Reference 422
Positive Hemianopia 423
Positive Scotoma 423
Reference 423
Positive Spontaneous Visual Phenomenon (PSVP) 423
Reference 423
Positive Visual Aura 423
Post-bereavement Apparition 423
Post-bereavement Hallucination 423
Postcognition 423
Post-hypnotic Hallucination 423
Reference 423
Postictal Amaurosis 423
Reference 424
Postictal Religious Experience 424
Reference 424
Post-image 424
Post-traumatic Flashback 424
References 424
Post-traumatic Nightmare 425
Postural Aftereffect 425
Reference 425
Ptzl Phenomenon 425
Reference 425
Precognition 425
Reference 425
Predormital Hallucination 425
Pre-lucid Dream 425
Reference 426
Presence Hallucination 426
Presomnal Sensation 426
Presque vu Phenomenon 426
References 426
Pressure Phonism 426
Reference 426
Pressure Phosphene 426
Pressure Photism 426
Reference 426
Primitive Hallucination 427
Reference 427
Probing Experiments 427
Projected Flashback 427
Reference 427
Propagated Hallucination 427
Reference 427
Proprioceptive Hallucination 427
Reference 427
Prosopometamorphopsia 428
References 428
Protan Colour Blindness 428
Protan Colour Deficiency 428
Protanomaly 428
References 428
Protanopia 428
References 429
Protidolie 429
Reference 429
Protracted Duration 429
References 429
PSAS 430
Pseudodiplopia 430
Pseudentoptic Phenomenon 430
References 430
Pseudo-cromesthesia 430
Reference 430
Pseudohallucination 430
References 431
Pseudohallucinogen 431
Pseudoheautoscopy 431
Pseudopia 431
Reference 432
Pseudo-recruitment 432
Pseudosynaesthesia 432
References 432
Pseudothalamic Pain 432
Psilocin and Hallucinations 432
Psilocybin and Hallucinations 432
References 433
PSVP 433
Psychalgia 433
Psychalia 433
Reference 433
Psychedelic 433
References 433
Psychedelic Drug 433
Psychedelic Hallucination 434
Psychedelic Substance 434
Psychic Aura 434
Reference 434
Psychic Blindness 434
Reference 434
Psychic Hallucination 434
References 435
Psychic Pain 435
Psychical Illusion 435
References 435
Psychical State 435
References 435
Psychoactive Fauna 436
Reference 436
Psychoactive Plant 436
Reference 436
Psychoactive Substance 436
Reference 436
Psychogenic Anaesthesia 436
Psychogenic Hallucination 436
Reference 437
Psychogenic Pain 437
Psychogenic Twilight State 437
Psychomotor Automatism 437
References 437
Psychomotor Hallucination 437
References 438
Psychomotor Verbal Hallucination 438
Psychonaut 438
Reference 438
Psychonautics 438
Reference 438
Psychopathology of Time Judgment 438
Psychoplasm 438
Psychosensorial Hallucination 438
Reference 439
Psychosis 439
References 439
Psychostimulants and Hallucinations 440
Psychotherapy and Hallucinations 440
References 440
Psychotic 440
Psychotic Hallucination 440
References 440
Psychotic-Like Hallucination 440
References 441
Psychotomimetic 441
References 441
Pulsatile Tinnitus 441
References 441
Pulsation Phenomenon 442
Reference 442
Pulsing Tinnitus 442
Punctum Caecum 442
Punktschwanken 442
Purkinje Afterimage 442
Reference 442
Purkinje Effect 443
References 443
Purkinje Figure 443
Reference 443
Purkinje Hallucination 443
Purkinje Image 443
Purkinje Phenomenon 443
Purkinje Shift 443
Purkinjes Colour 443
References 443
Purple Vision 444
Q 445
Qat-induced Hallucination 445
References 445
Quadrantanopsia and Hallucinations 445
References 446
Qualia Theory of Hallucinations 446
References 446
Quasi-Hallucination 447
Reference 447
Quaternary Bow 447
Quick-motion Phenomenon 447
References 447
R 448
Rabbit-Duck 448
Rabbit-Duck Illusion 448
Rainbow 448
References 449
Rainbow Spectrum 449
References 450
Raudive Voices 450
Ravel, Joseph-Marie (18751937) 450
Reference 450
Reading Echo 450
Reduced Synaptic Connectivity Model of Hallucinations 450
Reference 450
Red Vision 450
Reduplication of the Phantom 450
Reduplication Syndrome 450
Reduplicative Hallucination 450
Reference 451
Reduplicative Phenomenon 451
Reference 451
Reeds Definition of Hallucinations 451
Reference 451
Reeds Definition of Illusions 451
Reference 451
Re-entrant Signal 451
Reflection Rainbow 451
Reflex False Perception 451
Reference 451
Reflex Hallucination 451
References 452
Reflex Polysynaesthetic Hallucinosis 452
Reference 452
Reid, Thomas (17101796) 452
References 452
Relative Hemianopia 453
Release Form of Hallucinatory Experience 453
Reference 453
Release Hallucination 453
Reference 453
Religious Hallucination 453
References 453
REM Anxiety Dream 453
REM Dissociation Phenomenon 453
REM Dream 453
Reference 453
Remote Perception 453
Remote Sensing 453
Remote Viewing 453
References 454
Reperception Model of Hallucinations 454
References 454
Reperceptive Hallucination 454
References 455
Repetition of Reading 455
Reported Auditory Sensation (RAS) 455
Reference 455
Reported Visual Sensation (RVS) 455
References 456
Retinal Shadow 456
Reference 456
Retinogenic Phenomenon 456
Reference 456
Retroactive Hallucination 456
References 456
Retrocognition 457
References 457
Reverie 457
Reversal of Vision Metamorphopsia 457
Reversed Conductibility of the Sensory Pathways 457
References 458
Reversible Figure 458
Revisualization 458
Riddoch Syndrome 458
Riddochs Phenomenon 458
References 458
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich (18441908) 458
Reference 458
River Illusion 458
Reference 458
Road Mirage 458
Road Spray Bow 458
Rod-Monochromatism 459
Rorschach Audio 459
Rotational Aftereffect (RAE) 459
Reference 459
Rubber Hand Illusion 459
Reference 459
Rubin Face 459
Rubin Vase 459
Rubins Face 459
Rubins Figure 459
References 460
Rubins Vase 460
Rubins Vase-Face Illusion 460
Rudimentary Hallucination 460
Reference 460
Rmkes Characterization of Hallucinations and Illusions 460
Reference 460
S 461
Saint Birgitta 461
Saint Teresa of Jesus 461
Salamander Brandy and Hallucinations 461
Salicylate-Induced Hallucination 461
Reference 461
Santa Brigida 461
SaundersSutton Syndrome 461
Scale Illusion 461
Scenic Hallucination 461
References 462
Scheerers Phenomenon 462
Schizophrenia and Hallucinations 462
References 462
Schneiders Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 462
Reference 463
Schreber, Daniel Paul (18421911) 463
References 463
Schucman, Helen (born Helen Cohn, 19091981) 463
References 464
Schumann, Robert (18101856) 464
References 464
Scierneuropsia 464
Reference 465
Scieropia 465
Reference 465
Scintillating Scotoma 465
References 466
Scintillation 466
Reference 466
Scotoma 466
References 466
Scotomization 466
Reference 467
Scriabin, Alexander Nikolayevich (18721915) 467
References 468
Secondary Personality 468
Secondary Sensation 468
Secondary Sense Perceptions 468
Seepage Theory 468
Seizure-Induced Synaesthesia 468
Sejunction Hypothesis 468
References 468
Selective Sparing of Colour Vision 468
References 468
Self-Talk 469
Sense of Presence 469
Sensed Presence 469
References 469
Sensorial Hallucination 469
Reference 470
Sensorineural Tinnitus 470
Reference 470
Sensory Automatism 470
References 470
Sensory Conversion 470
References 471
Sensory Deception 471
References 471
Sensory Delusion 471
References 471
Sensory Deprivation Experiments and Hallucinations 472
References 473
Sensory Distortion 473
References 473
Sensory Hallucination 473
Reference 473
Sexual Abuse and Hallucinations 473
Sexual Hallucination 474
References 475
Shaking Delirium 475
Shiny Ring 475
Simple Hallucination 475
References 475
Simple Metamorphopsia 475
References 476
Sitophobia and Hallucinations 476
SizeWeight Illusion 476
Skin Reading 476
Skin Vision 476
Sleep Deprivation Hallucination 476
Sleep Deprivation-Induced Hallucination 476
Reference 476
Sleep Dream 476
Sleep Dream Vision 476
Reference 477
Sleep Epilepsy and Hallucinations 477
Sleep Paralysis and Hallucinations 477
Reference 477
Sleep-Onset Nightmare 477
Slide Show Format of Visual Hallucinations 477
Reference 477
Slow-Motion Hallucination 477
Reference 477
Smell Disorders 478
Smell Hallucination 478
Smell Illusion 478
Smell Phonism 478
Reference 478
Smell Photism 478
Reference 478
Smetana, Bedich (18241884) 478
References 478
Snow Lights 478
References 478
Socrates (470399BC) 478
References 478
Solar Wind and Hallucinations 479
References 479
Solvent Inhalation and Hallucinations 479
Somaesthetic Aura 479
Reference 479
Somaesthetic Doppelgnger 480
Somaesthetic Hallucination 480
Reference 480
Somaesthetic Phantom Double 480
Somatic Hallucination 480
References 480
Somatic Tinnitus 480
Reference 481
Somato-idolie 481
Reference 481
Somatoparaphrenia 481
References 481
Somatosensory Aura 481
Reference 482
Somatosensory Hallucination 482
Somatosounds 482
Somatotopagnosia 482
Sonar Hypothesis 482
Soul Pain 482
Soulblindness 482
Sound Phosphene 482
Reference 482
Sound Photism 482
Sound-Colour Synaesthesia 482
Sound-Seeing 482
Space-Motion Hallucination 482
Reference 483
Sparkling 483
Spectral Illusion 483
Spectre of the Brocken 483
Specular Autoscopy 483
Reference 483
Specular Hallucination 483
References 483
Speed and Hallucinations 483
Spinal Cord-Damage-induced Synaesthesia 483
Reference 484
Spinoza, Baruch (16321677) 484
Reference 484
Spiral 484
Reference 485
Spiral Aftereffect 485
Spiral Motion Aftereffect (spiral MAE) 485
Reference 485
Splitting of the Body Image 485
Reference 485
Spontaneous Stereognosic Sensation 485
References 485
St. Hildegard 486
Stabilization Phase 486
References 486
Stable Hallucination 486
References 486
Stage 2 Nightmare 486
References 486
Stage 4 Nightmare 486
References 487
Startling Phase 487
References 487
Starvation and Hallucinations 487
Static Hallucination 487
Reference 487
Statico-kinetic Dissociation 487
Stationary Scotoma 487
Reference 487
Status Epilepticus Amauroticus 487
Staudenmaier, Ludwig (18651933) 487
Reference 488
St Bridgid of Sweden 488
Stereognosic Hallucination 488
Reference 488
Stereognosic Sensation 488
Stereotyped Hallucination 488
Stereotypic Hallucination 488
Reference 488
Steroid Psychosis and Hallucinations 488
Reference 489
Sthenic Hallucination 489
Reference 489
Stimulant Psychosis and Hallucinations 489
Reference 489
Stimulus-Distortion Illusion 489
Strategy Illusion 489
Structured Photopsia 490
Reference 490
Subjective Colours 490
Subjective Tinnitus 490
Reference 490
Subvocalization 490
References 490
Succubus 491
References 491
Suffusio 491
Sullys Definition of Illusions 491
Reference 492
Sun Dog 492
Sun Illusion 492
Reference 492
Super Illusion 492
Superior Mirage 492
Reference 492
Supernumerary Bow 492
Supernumerary Phantom Limb 492
References 493
Surf Bow 493
Swedberg, Emanuel 493
Swedenborg, Emanuel (born Emanuel Swedberg, 16881772) 493
References 494
Swift, Jonathan (16671745) 494
References 495
Swimmers Bow 495
Symptomatic Autoscopy 495
Reference 495
Synaesthesia 495
References 496
Synaesthesia Algica 497
Synaesthesialgia 497
Reference 497
Synaesthetic Configuration 497
Reference 497
Synaesthetic Experience 497
Synaesthetic Hallucination 497
Synchiria 497
References 497
Syndrome of Alice in Wonderland 499
Syndrome of Doubles of the Self 499
Syndrome of Floating Experience 499
Syndrome of Subjective Doubles 499
References 499
Synesthesia 499
Synesthesia Algica 499
Syphilis and Hallucinations 499
Syphilitic Hallucinosis 499
References 500
Syrigmus 500
Systematized Anaesthesia 500
T 501
Tachypsychia 501
References 501
Tactile Allodynia 501
Tactile Hallucination 501
References 502
Tactile Insensitivity 502
References 502
Tactile Phantasma 503
Reference 503
Tactile Polyaesthesia 503
References 503
Take-Away Apparition 503
References 503
Tanzis Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 503
Reference 504
Taraxein and Hallucinations 504
References 504
Taste Chromatism 504
Reference 504
Taste Disorders 505
Taste Hallucination 505
Taste Illusion 505
Taste Phonism 505
Reference 505
Taste Photism 505
Teichopsia 505
References 505
Telehopsia 505
Teleologic Hallucination 505
Reference 505
Teleopsia 505
References 506
Telepathic Hallucination 506
References 506
Teleplasm 507
Telesthesia 507
Television-Induced Hallucination 507
References 507
Telopsia 507
Reference 507
Temperature Illusion 507
Temperature Phonism 507
Reference 507
Temperature Photism 507
Reference 507
Temporal Anomaly 508
Temporal Arteritis and Hallucinations 508
References 508
Temporal Compression 508
References 508
Teresa de Cepeda y Ahumada 508
Teresa of vila (15151582) 509
References 509
Tertiary Bow 509
Tessellated Hallucination 509
Tessellopsia 509
References 509
Thalamic Experiential Hallucinosis 509
Reference 509
Thalamic Pain 510
Therapeutic Hallucination 510
Reference 510
Therianthropy 510
Thermal Hallucination 510
Reference 510
Thermal Illusion 510
Reference 510
Thermic Hallucination 510
Thornapple and Hallucinations 510
Thought Audition 510
Thought Echoing 510
Thought-Echo 511
Thoughts-Out-loud 511
Tilting Illusion 511
Time Distortion 511
References 511
Time-Grabbing Phenomenon 511
Tinels Sign 511
Tinels Symptom 511
TinelHoffmann Sign 511
References 512
Tinnitus 512
References 513
Tinnitus Aurium 513
Toad Licking and Hallucinations 513
Tobacco and Hallucinations 513
Toluene-Induced Hallucination 513
References 513
Tonal Tinnitus 514
Reference 514
Top Hat Illusion 514
References 514
Topalgia 514
Reference 514
TopDown Attentional Factor 514
TopDown Hypothesis 514
Reference 515
TopDown Signal 515
Topological Model of Hallucinatory Activity 515
References 515
Tortopia 515
Reference 515
Total Anaesthesia 515
References 516
Total Body Macrosomatognosia 516
Total Body Microsomatognosia 516
Total Colour Blindness 516
Total Hallucination 516
Reference 516
Touch Hallucination 516
Touch Phonism 516
Reference 516
Touch Photism 516
Reference 516
Toxic-Metabolic Encephalopathy 516
Tracers 516
Trailing Phenomenon 516
Reference 517
Trait Hallucinator 517
Reference 517
Trait-Negative Hallucinator 517
Reference 518
Trait-Positive Hallucinator 518
Trance and Hallucinations 518
Reference 518
Transduction Tinnitus 518
Reference 518
Transformation Tinnitus 518
Reference 518
Transposition of the Senses 518
Reference 519
Traumatic Nightmare 519
Reference 519
Travelling Clairvoyance 519
Trip 519
Tritan Colour Blindness 519
Tritan Colour Deficiency 519
Tritanomaly 519
References 519
Tritanopia 519
References 520
Tritone Paradox 520
True Hallucination 520
References 520
True Hallucinogen 520
True Negative Hallucination 520
Reference 521
Tullio Phenomenon 521
References 521
Tunnel 521
References 522
TV Sign 522
References 522
Twilight State and Hallucinations 522
References 523
Tympanophonia 523
References 523
U 524
Ulloa Circle 524
References 524
Ulloa Ring 525
Ulloas Bow 525
References 526
Ulloas Halo 526
Unformed Hallucination 526
Reference 526
Unformed Vision 526
Unformed Visual Hallucination 526
Unilateral Auditory Hallucination 526
References 526
Unilateral Hallucination 526
References 527
Unilateral Otopathic Auditory Hallucination 527
Reference 527
Unimodal Hallucination 527
Reference 527
Unstructured Photopsia 527
Reference 527
Upside-Down Reversal of Seeing 527
V 528
VAH 528
Valium and Hallucinations 528
Van Gogh, Vincent Willem (18531890) 528
References 528
Verbal Auditory Hallucination (VAH) 528
References 529
Verbal Hallucination 529
References 530
Verbal Impulse 530
References 530
Verbal Transformation Effect 530
References 530
Veridical Apparition 530
Reference 530
Veridical Hallucination 530
References 531
Vertiginous Hallucination 531
Vessel 531
Vestibular Aura 531
Vestibular Hallucination 531
References 532
Vestibular Hallucinatory State 532
References 532
Vestibular Illusion 532
Vestibularly Evoked Visual Hallucination 532
Vestibular-Motor Hallucination 532
Reference 533
Violet Vision 533
Visceral Aura 533
Vision 533
References 533
Vision of Half-Sleep 533
Visual Allachaesthesia 534
References 534
Visual Anosognosia 534
Visual Aura 534
References 535
Visual Autokinetic Effect 535
Visual Command Hallucination 535
Reference 535
Visual Epilepsy 535
Reference 535
Visual Experience 535
Reference 535
Visual Flashback 535
Reference 536
Visual Hallucination 536
References 537
Visual Halo 537
Reference 537
Visual Illusion 537
References 538
Visual Imagery 539
Visual Inattention 539
References 539
Visual Motion Blindness 539
Visual Perseveration 539
References 539
Visual Phantasma 540
Reference 540
Visual Phantom Double 540
Visual Sleep Start 540
Reference 540
Visual Snow 540
Reference 540
Visual Speech Hallucination 540
Visual Text Hallucination 540
Reference 540
Visual Tilting 540
Visual Verbal Hallucination 540
References 541
Visuo-vestibular Splitting of the Somatosensory Body Image 541
Vital Sensations, Distortions of 541
Reference 541
Vitreous Floaters 541
Vivid Hallucination 541
References 542
Vivid Physical Awareness 542
Reference 542
Voice-Hallucination 542
Voices 542
Voluminous Mental State 542
Voluntary Hallucination 542
Reference 542
W 543
Waking Dream 543
Reference 543
Waking Fantasy 543
Waking-Nightmare Hallucination 543
Reference 543
Wasting and Hallucinations 543
Waterfall Effect 543
Waterfall Illusion 543
References 544
Waterfall Phenomenon 544
Wernickes Definition of Hallucinations and Illusions 544
Reference 544
White Hemianopia 545
White Rainbow 545
Whole Body Macrosomatognosia 545
Reference 545
Whole Body Microsomatognosia 545
Reference 545
Whole Body Schema Illusion 545
Windmill Illusion 545
References 545
Withdrawal Hallucination 545
Reference 545
Wizard of Floyd 545
W-Nightmare Hallucination 545
Wonderland Syndrome 545
WundtFick Illusion 546
X 547
Xanthopsia 547
References 547
Xenopathic Character 547
Xenopathic Syndrome 547
Reference 548
Xenopathy 548
Y 549
Yellow Vision 549
Z 550
Zeitlupenphnomen 550
Zeitrafferphnomen 550
Ziehens Definition of Hallucinations 550
Reference 550
Zingerles Automatosis 550
References 551
Zingerle Syndrome 551
Zoanthropy 551
Zllner Illusion 551
References 551
Zombification 551
Zoom Vision 551
References 552
Zoopsia 552
References 552