Geographic Hypermedia (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 17
PART I FOUNDATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC HYPERMEDIA 26
1 Geographic Hypermedia 27
1.1 Introduction 27
1.2 Defining Geographic Hypermedia 27
1.3. Parallel Paradigms 34
1.4. Geographic Hypermedia Systems: Content and Services 34
1.5 Discussion 43
1.6 About this Book 43
References 45
2 New Media: From Discrete, to Distributed, to Mobile, to Ubiquitous 48
2.1 Introduction 48
2.2 Discrete 49
2.3 Online / Distributed 51
2.4 Mobile 54
2.5 Ubiquitous 58
2.6 Conclusion 59
References 60
3 Design Issues Associated with Discrete and 62
Distributed Hypermedia GIS 62
3.1 Introduction 62
3.2 Design of a Discrete Hypermedia GIS 64
3.3 Design of Distributed Hypermedia GIS 69
3.4 Conclusions 73
References 74
PART II DATA RESOURCES AND ACCESSIBILITY ISSUES 77
4 Using Data from Earth Orbiting Satellites in Geo- Hypermedia Applications: A Survey of Data Resources 78
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 Discovering Data 79
4.3 Accessing Data 84
4.4 Other Data Centers 95
References 96
5 Exploring the Use of a Virtual Map Shop as an Interface for Accessing Geographical Information 98
5.1 Introduction 98
5.2 Underlying theory 99
5.3 Map Shop concept 100
5.4 Metaphors 102
5.5 Engineered Serendipity 103
5.6 Concepts Behind the Interface and Exploration Tools 104
5.7 VRML Map Shop Prototype Design Ideas 106
5.8 Building the Map Shop prototype 108
5.9 Exploring the Product 109
5.10 Further Development of the Package – Adding Map Curator 115
5.11 Conclusion 119
Acknowledgements 119
References 119
6 Atlases from Paper to Digital Medium 121
6.1 Introduction 121
6.2 Technology and Cartography 122
6.3 Atlases: A Definition 122
6.4 Digital Atlases: the Search for a Definition 126
6.5 Digital Atlases: Characteristics 128
6.6 Digital Atlases: classification 131
6.7 Digital Atlas: Merely a Variant of a GIS? 134
6.8 The Evolving Medium: the Transition from Discrete Atlases to Internet Atlases 137
6.9 Summary and Conclusions 140
References 140
7 Hypermedia Maps and the Internet 144
7.1 Introduction 144
7.2 Maps and the Internet 145
7.3 The Information Landscape 151
7.4 Online Commerce 155
7.5 Summary 157
References 158
8 In Pursuit of Usefulness: Resetting the Design Focus for Mobile Geographic Hypermedia Systems 160
8.1 Introduction: Mobile Geographic Hypermedia 160
8.2 Challenges to Mobile Systems Design 161
8.3 Usefulness and Geographic Hypermedia 165
8.4 Discussion 171
8.5 Conclusion 173
Acknowledgements 174
References 174
9 Cruiser: A Web in Space 177
9.1 Introduction 177
9.2 The “Channel” Feature 179
9.3. Technical Description of Cruiser 180
9.4 Benefits 186
9.5 Application Fields 187
9.6. Conclusions and Related Systems 187
Acknowledgements 188
References 188
PART III TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONTENT INTEGRATION 189
10 Merging Hypermedia GIS with Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing: Towards Hypermedia SOLAP 190
10.1 Introduction: The Power of Coupling SOLAP with Hypermedia 190
10.2 SOLAP Concepts 192
10.3 Application Example of Hypermedia SOLAP 197
10.4 Evolution of SOLAP Hypermedia 205
10.5 Conclusion 207
Aknowledgements 208
References 208
11 A Hypermedia Afghan Sites and Monuments Database 211
11.1 Introduction 211
11.2 Concepts of ACIS and Requirements Analysis 213
11.3 Related Work and Theories 216
11.4 System Design of ACIS 221
11.5 Implementation of ACIS 225
11.6 Evaluation of ACIS 229
11.7 Future Work 230
References 231
12 Towards the Development of Open Cartographic Hypermedia Systems 232
12.1 Introduction 232
12.2 Hypermedia Systems 235
12.3 Previous Work on Hypermaps 238
12.4. Requirements for Hypermaps 241
12.5 Spatial and Cartographic Modeling 243
12.6 Hypermap Reference Model 244
12.7 Conclusions and Future Work 249
References 250
13 Standards for Geographic Hypermedia: MPEG, OGC and co. 253
13.1 Introduction 253
13.2 Standards for Geographic Information Systems 256
13.3 Standards for Cultural Heritage Management 260
13.4 Standards for Hypermedia 264
13.5 Comparison and Conclusion 269
References 272
14 Semantically-Aware Systems: Extraction of Geosemantics, Ontology Engineering, and Ontology Integration 277
14.1 Introduction 277
14.2 Theoretical Issues 278
14.3 Methodologies and Tools 282
14.4 Conclusions 290
References 290
PART IV ANALYTICAL FUNCTIONALITY AND GEOVISUALIZATIONS 294
15 Towards a Typology of Interactivity Functions for Visual Map Exploration 295
15.1 Introduction 295
15.2 Typecast of Interactivity Functions Concerning the Map Creation Process 296
15.3 Typecast of Interactivity Functions related to Multiple Representations 300
15.4 Typecast of Interactivity Functions related to the Third and Fourth Dimension 301
15.5 Basic Functions 303
15.6 About the Applicability of the Proposed Typology 303
15.7 Usefulness of the Typology 310
15.8 Conclusion 310
References 311
16 A Framework for Using Coordinated Displays for the Analysis of Multidimensional, Spatial, and Temporal Data 313
16.1 Introduction 313
16.2 Taxonomy of Tool Linking Modes 316
16.3 Cooperation between Sequential and Concurrent Linking: An Example 319
16.4 Conclusion 326
References 327
17 Visualization and Hypermedia for Decision Making 329
17.1 Introduction 329
17.2 Visualization, Hypermedia and Communication in Spatial Decision Making 330
17.3 Case Studies: Applications and Systems 335
17.4 Concluding Remarks 344
Acknowledgements 346
References 346
18 Geovisualization of Vegetation Patterns in National Parks of the Southeastern United States 349
18.1 Introduction 349
18.2 Vegetation Distributions Related to Terrain Characteristics 352
18.3 Development Trends and Potential Impacts on Park Resources 356
18.4 Summary 360
Acknowledgements 361
References 363
19 Visualization of Spatial Change 366
19.1 Introduction 366
19.2 Cartographic Visualization of Spatial Changes 367
19.3 Concepts for Change Representation 370
19.4 Technology for Change Visualization 375
19.5 Applications of Change Visualization 379
19.6 Concluding Remarks 383
Acknowledgements 384
References 385
20 Scalable Vector Graphics Interfaces for Geographic Applications 387
20.1 Introduction 387
20.2 Examples 388
20.3 Summary 397
References 398
PART V GEOGRAPHIC HYPERMEDIA: APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES 399
21 About the Role of Cartographic Presentation for Wayfinding 400
21.1 Introduction 400
21.2 Test: Analysis of Route Descriptions and Sketches 401
21.3 Wayfinding Test: How Much Detail is Necessary to Support Wayfinding 403
21.4 General Design Goals of Route Descriptions 405
21.5 Presentation Forms 406
21.6 Landmarks 410
21.7 Conclusion 414
Acknowledgement 415
References 415
22 Wireless Campus LBS: Building Campus- Wide Location Based Services Based on WiFi Technology 418
22.1 The Wireless Campus at the University of Twente 418
22.2 Positioning using WiFi technology 420
22.3 Mapping the Access Points 421
22.4 The Wireless Campus Location Based Services 423
22.5 Test at SVG Open 2005 424
22.6 Outlook 426
References 427
23 Developing Web-GIS Applications According to HCI Guidelines: The Viti- Vaud Project 428
23.1 Introduction 428
23.2 Related Work: HCI Aspects for the Development of Web- GIS 429
23.3 Development of a Web-GIS Interface According to HCI Guidelines 431
23.4 Ideas for Web-GIS Developers 436
23.5 Conclusions and Future Work 437
References 438
24 High Definition Geovisualization: Earth and Biodiversity Sciences for Informal Audiences 440
24.1 Introduction 440
24.2 HDTV Production and the Role of the Geographer 445
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http://edcimswww.cr.usgs.gov/pub/ 448
imswelcome/) 448
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24.3 Summary: The Geographer’s Role in Producing HDTV Geovisualizations 461
Acknowledgements 462
References 463
25 Mobile Geographic Education: The MoGeo System 466
25.1 Introduction 466
25.2 Educational Framework 468
25.3 Technological Framework 474
25.4 Example 480
25.5 Discussion and Conclusions 482
References 483
Index 484