The Planning Guide for the Law of Tax-Exempt Organizations

Chapter 1: Form of Organization and Governance Principles.Basic Decision: Nonprofit or For-Profit.Location.Form of Organization.Name.Governing Board.Officers.Key Employees.Management Companies.Minutes.Other Documents.Corporate Governance Principles.Board Member Responsibilities and Duties.Protections against Personal Liability.Minimizing Board Member Liability.Watchdog Agencies.Chapter 2: Acquisition and Maintenance of Tax-Exempt Status.Nonprofit Organizations.Concept of Tax Exemption.Eligibility for Tax-Exempt Status.Categories of Tax-Exempt Organizations.Determining Appropriate Category of Tax Exemption.Concept of Recognition of Tax Exemption.Applying for Recognition of Tax Exemption.Legal Aspects of Form 1023.Bizarre Positions Taken by the IRS.Legal Aspects of Form 1024.Preparation of Applications.Reliance on Determination.Maintenance of Exempt Status.Material Changes.Changes in Form.Group Exemption.Chapter 3: Private Benefit.Overview of Private Benefit Law.Actions by Exempt Organizations.Issues, Strategies, and Commentaries.Conclusions (Reiterations).Chapter 4: Public Charity and Private Foundation Classification.Law Basics.Glossary.Qualifying for and Maintaining Public Charity Status.Focus on Supporting Organizations.Terminations.Private Foundation Rules.Charitable Giving Rules.Donor-Advised Funds.Chapter 5: Advocacy Activities.Concept of Advocacy.Attempts to Influence Legislation.Participation in Political Campaign Activities.Political Organizations.Internet Activities.Other Forms of Advocacy.Chapter 6: Subsidiaries.Definition of Subsidiary.Determining Need for Subsidiary.Legal Form of Subsidiary.Bifurcation Basics.Tax-Exempt Subsidiaries.Taxable Subsidiaries.Subsidiaries in Partnerships.Tax Treatment of Revenue from Subsidiary.For-Profit Subsidiaries and Public Charity Status.Social Enterprise.Practical Operational Considerations.Chapter 7: Partnerships and Other Joint Ventures.Partnerships and Joint Venture Basics.Flow-Through Entities.Partnerships-Details.Limited Liability Companies-Details.Other Joint Ventures.Whole Entity Joint Ventures-Commentary.Ancillary Joint Ventures.Law-Imposed Joint Ventures.Look-Through Rule-Details.Chapter 8: Unrelated Business Rules.Law Basics.Perspectives.Unrelated Business Evaluation-Steps.Commerciality Doctrine.Chapter 9: Annual Information Returns.Law Basics.Forms.Glossary.Review of Form 990-A Law Perspective.Preparation of Form 990-A Law Perspective.State Law Filing Requirements.Internet Resources.Penalties.Commentaries.Chapter 10: Disclosure Requirements.Applications for Recognition of Tax Exemption.Annual Information Returns.Gift Substantiation Requirements.Quid Pro Quo Contributions.Disclosure by Noncharitable Organizations.Disclosure of Gifts of Property.Dispositions of Contributed Property.Appraisal Requirements.Offering of Information or Services.Personal Benefit Contracts.Tax Shelters.Prospective (Possible) Disclosure Requirements.Chapter 11 Planning in the Face of Difficult Court Opinions.Introduction: Evaluation of Court Opinions.Positive Court Opinion.Erroneous Court Opinions.Other Difficult Court Opinions.Chapter 12: The Legal Audit.Inventory of Basics.Corporate Governance.External Relationships.Tax-Exempt Status.Private Inurement Doctrine.Private Benefit Doctrine.Excess Benefit Transactions.Self-Dealing Rules.Actions by Organization.Public Charity Classification.Legislative Activities.Political Campaign Activities.Other Forms of Advocacy.Subsidiaries in General.Bifurcation Basics.Tax-Exempt Subsidiaries.Taxable Subsidiaries.Revenue from Subsidiary.Joint Ventures Basics.Joint Ventures-Other Elements.Unrelated Business Analysis.Commerciality Doctrine.Annual Information Returns.Disclosure Requirements.Court Opinions.Appendices.A. Form 1023.B. Form 1024.C. Form 990.D. Form 990-T.E. Inventory of IRS Forms.F. Inventory of Tax Penalties.G. Other Bodies of Law.Table of Cases.Table of IRS Revenue Rulings.Table of IRS Private Determinations.Index.