Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2025

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field.

PART ONE General Survey

Central Asia Under Multiple Crises

PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA, PÁL DUNAY and COLLEEN WOOD

The Economic Impact of the Russian Invasion of Ukraine on the South Caucasus and Central Aisa

ROBERT E. LOONEY

Russian and Turkish Involvement in the South Caucasus since 1991

VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN

Economies of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia

ANDERS ÅSLUND

Climate Change and its Mitigation in Eastern Europe, Russia and the South Caucasus

PÁL DUNAY and AIDA AIDAROVA

Poverty, Inequality and Social Welfare in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia

ANN-MARI SÄTRE

Appendix: The Religions of the Region

PART TWO Country Survey

Sections on geography (with map), history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country.

ARMENIA

History VAHRAM TER-MATEVOSYAN (previously revised by ASBED KOTCHIKIAN)

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

AZERBAIJAN

History ERIC LEPISTO

Economy ERIC LEPISTO

Autonomous Republic: Naxçıvan

Azerbaijani Secessionist Territory: Nagornyi Karabakh (Artsakh)

BELARUS

History ANDREW RYDER

Economy ANDREW RYDER

GEORGIA

History ELENE MELIKISHVILI (revised by the editorial staff)

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

Autonomous Republic: Ajara

Georgian Secessionist Territories: Abkhazia, South Ossetia

KAZAKHSTAN

History ANNA SAVCHENKO (revised by PÁL DUNAY and PAYÁM FOROUGHI)

Economy SHIRIN AKINER (revised by ROBERT E. LOONEY)

KYRGYZSTAN

History PAYÁM FOROUGHI, AIDA AIDAROVA and GALINA KOLODZINSKAIA

Economy PAYÁM FOROUGHI and AIDA AIDAROVA

MOLDOVA

History ION MARANDICI

Economy KAMIL CAŁUS

Autonomous Territory: Gagauzia

Moldovan Secessionist Territory: Transnistria

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

History RASMUS NILSSON

Economy RICHARD CONNOLLY

Members of the Russian Federation, grouped by: Central Federal Okrug, North-Western Federal Okrug, Southern Federal Okrug, North Caucasus Federal Okrug, Volga Federal Okrug, Urals Federal Okrug, Siberian Federal Okrug, Far Eastern Federal Okrug; Other territories claimed by the Russian Federation

TAJIKISTAN

History

Economy

Autonomous Province: Kuhistoni Badakhshon

TURKMENISTAN

History PAYÁM FOROUGHI

Economy PAYÁM FOROUGHI

UKRAINE

History TARAS KUZIO

Economy TARAS KUZIO

Disputed Territories: The Crimean Peninsula, The Donbas

UZBEKISTAN

History PAYÁM FOROUGHI

Economy PAYÁM FOROUGHI

Sovereign Republic: Qoraqalpog‘iston

PART THREE Who’s Who of Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia

PART FOUR Regional Information

REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)