Radiation Protection

Part 1 Historical prologue. Part 2 Principles of radiation protection: energy and injury; directly and indirectly ionizing particles; beta principles; characteristics of indirectly ionizing particles; gamma rays; some additional directly ionizing particles; the neutron; the absorbed dose; the dose equivalent; the Roentgen; the significance of external radiation levels; exposure from internal radiation sources; some simple calculations in radiation protection; x-rays; particle accelerators. Part 3 Radiation dose calculations: a closer look at the dose from beta principles; calculation of the absorbed dose from gamma emitters; summary of formulas; dose calculations for specific nuclides; evaluation of doses within the body from x-rays. Part 4 Radiation measurements: radiation counting with a Geiger-Mueller counter; energy measurements with a scintillation detector; detectors for special counting problems; measuring radiation dose rates; measuring accumulated doses over extended periods; specifying statistical variations in counting results; comments of making accurate measurements. Part 5 Practical aspects of the use of radionuclides: obtaining authorization to use radionuclides; training required; responsibilities of radionuclide users; standards for protection against radiation; monitoring intakes of radioactice material; airborne radioactivity concentration limits; posting of areas; laboratory facilities; protective clothing; trays and handling tools; special handling precautions for radioiodine; hygiene; trial runs; delivery of radionuclides; storage of radionuclides; storage of wastes; waste disposal; use of radioactive materials in animal; transportation of radionuclides; contamination control; personnel contamination and decontamination; leak tests of sealed sources; notification of authorities; termination of work with radionuclides. Part 6 Ionizing radiation and public health: formulation of standards for radiation protection; medical findings on humans exposed to radiation; results of animal experiments; sources producing population exposure; population exposure from radiation accidents; current issues in radiation protection. Appendices: problems; data on selected radionuclides; anatomical and physiological data for dose calculations; some constants and conversion factors; calculations using powers of ten.