Privatization in Turkey

Ahmet Zaifer is Associate Professor of International Relations at the University of Kyrenia. He has published book reviews, translations and many articles on privatization and Turkey. Recent articles have appeared in Critical Sociology, Review of Radical Political Economics, and Journal of Historical Sociology.

Acknowledgements

List of Illustrations

1 Introducing the Privatization in Turkey
 1 Theoretical Approaches to Privatization
 1.1 Liberal Approaches

 1.2 Institutionalist Approaches

 1.3 Marxian Approaches


 2 An Analytical Framework for Understanding the Privatization Process
 2.1 Contemporary Capitalism Is the Context that Brought Privatization Policy to the Fore

 2.2 The State Is an Integral Element of the Privatization Processes

 2.3 A Power Bloc Is the Key Class Agent behind Privatization

 2.4 Privatization Is a Constitutive Element of Domestic Accumulation Strategies


 3 Understanding Privatization in Turkey – the Structure of the Book


2 The Development of soe s in Turkey in Historical Perspective
 1  soe s and Consolidation of Capitalism in Turkey: 1923–1945

 2  soe s and Post-war Expansion of Capitalism in Turkey: 1946–1960

 3  soe s , Duty Losses and Class Compromises: 1961–1980

 4 Conclusion


3 To Privatize or Not to Privatize? Interventions to Privatization Process: 1984–2001
 1 The World Bank and Foreignization Campaign of the Power Bloc: 1984–1993

 2 The imf Programs, Intra-capital and Intra-state Conflicts: 1994–2001
 2.1  tüsİad -based Holdings and Privatization

 2.2 Intra-capital Conflicts and Privatization

 2.3 Intra-state Conflicts and Privatization


 3 Conclusion


4 The Acceleration of Privatization in the Post-2001 Era: 2002 to 2009
 1 Privatization and Internal Restructuring of Accumulation Strategies

 2 Privatization and Different Fractions of the Power Bloc
 2.1 Privatization and tüsİad Holdings

 2.2 Privatization and Islamic-Influenced Anatolian Capital Groups

 2.3 Privatization and Foreign Capital

 2.4 Privatization and the akp Government


 3 Privatization and Resistance
 3.1 Sporadic Labor Resistances: Seka, Tüpraş ...

 3.2 Türk-Metal Union and Domestic Private Iron-Steel Companies: Erdemir


 4 Institutional Reforms and Overcoming Barriers

 5 Conclusion


5 The Expansion of Privatization Public-Private Partnerships: 2010–2018
 1 Conceptualization of the ppp Phenomenon

 2 Broad Contours of ppp Implementations in Turkey during the 2010s

 3 Dynamics behind Acceleration of ppp  s in Turkey during the 2010s
 3.1  Domestic Capital Accumulation

 3.2  Power Bloc

 3.3  State


 4 Case Studies
 4.1  Bosporus (Eurasia) Tunnel

 4.2  Gebze-Orhangazi-İzmir Motorway (incl. Osmangazi Bridge)

 4.3  Third International Airport for İstanbul

 4.4  Northern Marmara Motorway (incl. Third Bosporus Bridge)

 4.5  Dardanelles Bridge and Kınalı-Balıkesir Motorway (Malkara-Çanakkale Section)

 4.6  Healthcare Campus Projects (City Hospitals)


 5 Conclusion


6  Comparing Alternatives to Privatization
 1 Implications of the Turkish Privatization Experience

 2 What Is a Substantial Alternative to Privatization?
 2.1  Traditional State Ownership and Control

 2.2  Corporatization

 2.3  Democratic Control


 3 The Question of Strategy: How to Construct and Defend a Substantial Alternative?
 3.1  Building Alliances

 3.2  Making the State an Operationally Contested Space/Process


 4 Conclusion


Appendix 1  tüsİad -based Conglomerates

Appendix 2  Islamic-Influenced and/or Anatolian Companies Having Close Relations with akp-Erdoğan

Appendix 3  Divestitures in Turkey between 2010 and 2018

References

Index