Hybrid Project Management

CYNTHIA SNYDER DIONISIO, PMP, MBA is a well-known consultant with over 25 years of experience in project management. She has authored a dozen books related to project management. She is the Project, Program and Portfolio Management Lead at the International Institute for Learning.

Acknowledgmentsxii

Introduction xiii

1 Introducing Project Management 1

The Spectrum of Development Approaches 2

Waterfall 3

Iterative 4

Incremental 6

Agile 8

Hybrid Project Management and Development Approaches 9

Summary 11

Key Terms 11

2 Choosing a Development Approach 12

Product Variables 12

Innovation 13

Scope Stability 13

Requirements Certainty 14

Ease of Change 14

Risk 15

Criticality 15

Safety 16

Regulatory 16

Project Variables 16

Stakeholders 17

Delivery Options 17

Funding Availability 18

Organization Variables 18

Structure 18

Culture 19

Project Team 19

Experience and Commitment 20

Development Approach Evaluation Tool 21

Product Variables 21

Project Variables 22

Organizational Variables 23

Creating a Visual Display of The Variables 24

Summary 25

Key Terms 25

3 Project Roles 26

Project Sponsor 26

Initiating Projects 27

Up- Front Planning 27

Monitoring Progress 28

Supporting the Project Manager 28

Project Manager 29

Leadership Skills 29

Management Skills 30

Product Owner 31

Product Functions 31

People Activities 32

Scrum Master 32

Facilitation 32

Support 33

The Team 33

Generalizing Specialists 34

Hybrid Options 35

Summary 36

Key Terms 36

4 Launching a Hybrid Project 37

Vision Statements 38

Organizations’ Vision Statements 38

Project Vision Statements 39

Project Charter 40

Case Study 42

Background 42

Case Study Vision Statement 42

Case Study Charter 43

Assumptions and Constraints 46

Summary 47

Key Terms 47

5 Hybrid Project Planning and Structure 48

Planning Fundamentals 49

Progressive Elaboration and Rolling Wave Planning 49

Competing Demands 50

The Project Management Plan 51

Subsidiary Plans 51

Tailoring the Project Management Plan for Hybrid Projects 53

Project Life Cycles 54

Key Reviews 57

Project Management Plan for a Hybrid Project 58

Development Approach 58

Life Cycle 60

Subsidiary Plans 62

Key Reviews 63

Roadmap 63

Summary 64

Key Terms 65

6 Defining Scope in Hybrid Projects 66

Planning for Scope with a Scope Management Plan 66

Elaborating Scope with a Scope Statement 69

Narrative Description 69

Deliverables 70

Out of Scope 72

Organizing Scope with a Work Breakdown Structure 72

WBS Levels 72

Work Packages, Planning Packages, and Control Accounts 74

Steps to Create a WBS 76

Getting into the Detail with A WBS Dictionary 76

Working with Requirements 76

Elicitation 78

Prioritization 79

Documenting Requirements 81

Prioritizing Scope with a Backlog 83

Summary 84

Key Terms 84

7 Building a Predictive Schedule 85

Organizing with a Schedule Management Plan 85

Predictive Scheduling 88

Identify Tasks 88

Sequence Tasks 89

Assign Team Members 92

Estimate Durations 97

Summary 98

Key Terms 98

8 Analyzing and Finalizing a Predictive Schedule 100

Analyzing the Schedule 100

Convergence and Divergence 101

Resource Allocation 102

The Critical Path 104

Float 104

Finalizing the Schedule 106

Schedule Compression 106

Schedule Buffer 108

Baselining the Schedule 109

Summary 110

Key Terms 110

9 Adaptive and Hybrid Scheduling 111

Adaptive Scheduling 111

Release Planning 112

Task Boards 114

Hybrid Scheduling 115

Predictive with Releases and Iterations 115

Predictive with Iterations Inserted 116

Adaptive then Predictive 116

Dependencies in Hybrid Schedules 116

Summary 117

Key Terms 118

10 Estimating 119

Estimating Ranges 119

Estimating Methods 120

Analogous Estimating 121

Parametric Estimating 123

Multipoint Estimating 123

Uses and Benefits 124

Affinity Grouping 125

Wideband Delphi 127

Bottom- Up Estimating 128

Basis of Estimates 128

Estimating The Budget 129

Summary 131

Key Terms 132

11 Stakeholder Engagement 133

Identifying your Stakeholders 133

Analyzing Stakeholders 134

Grids and Matrixes 135

Analyzing Stakeholders by Role 137

Direction of Influence 137

Awareness and Support 137

Stakeholder Register 138

Planning for Successful Engagement 139

Planning Project Communication 140

Communication Methods 141

Communication Technology 141

Stakeholder Communication Plan 142

Summary 144

Key Terms 144

12 Maintaining Stakeholder Engagement 145

Engaging Stakeholders 145

Communication Competence 146

When Someone Is Speaking 147

When You Are Speaking 148

When You Are Writing 148

Feedback 149

Communication Blockers 150

Project Meetings 151

Adaptive Meetings 152

Predictive Meetings 156

Summary 157

Key Terms 157

13 Leadership in a Hybrid Environment 158

Emotional Intelligence 159

Self- Awareness 159

Self- Regulation 159

Social Awareness 160

Social Skills 160

Motivation 160

Motivators 161

Motivating Your Team 161

Example of Motivation in the Workplace 162

Agile Leadership Practices 162

Servant Leadership 162

Self- Managing Teams 163

Tailoring for a Hybrid Environment 166

Developing a High- Performing Team 166

Traits of High- Performing Teams 167

Building Relationships 167

Summary 168

Key Terms 168

14 Planning for Risk 169

Introduction to Risk Management 169

Risk Tolerance and Thresholds 171

Risk Management Plan 171

Elements in a Risk Management Plan 172

Sample Risk Management Plan 174

Risk Management Plan 174

Funding 175

Timing 175

Risk Categories 176

Definitions of Probability 176

Definitions of Impact 176

Probability and Impact Matrix 176

Summary 177

Key Terms 177

15 Identifying and Prioritizing Risk 178

Identifying Risks 178

Identification Methods 179

Documenting Risks 181

Analyzing and Prioritizing Risks 183

Filling out the Probability and Impact Matrix 183

Assessing Additional Risk Parameters 184

Simple Quantitative Analysis Methods 186

Expected Monetary Value 186

Decision Trees 187

Summary 188

Key Terms 188

16 Reducing Risk 189

Risk Responses 189

Risk Avoidance 190

Risk Mitigation 190

Risk Transference 190

Risk Escalation 191

Risk Acceptance 191

Implementing Responses 192

Risk- Adjusted Backlog 193

Reserve 195

Contingency Reserve 195

Management Reserve 199

Summary 199

Key Terms 200

17 Leading the Team 201

Establishing a Healthy Environment 201

Psychological Safety 202

Creating a Safe Environment 202

Cultivating Adaptability 203

Fostering Resilience 205

Ways of Thinking 205

Critical Thinking 206

Working with Bias 208

System Thinking 209

Supporting the Team 209

Solving Problems 210

Making Decisions 210

Resolving Conflicts 211

Considerations for Virtual Teams 213

Engagement 213

Structure 214

Virtual Meetings 215

Summary 216

Key Terms 216

18 Maintaining Momentum 217

Working with Change 217

Change Management Plan 218

Change Requests 219

Change Log 220

Requirements Traceability Matrix 221

Managing Change in a Hybrid Environment 221

Change for Predictive Deliverables 222

Change for Adaptive Deliverables 222

Helpful Tools 222

Decision Log 223

Issue Log 223

Impediment Log 224

Summary 224

Key Terms 224

19 Metrics for Predictive Deliverables 225

Predictive Measures 225

Schedule Measures 226

Cost Measures 228

Earned Value Management 231

Planning for Earned Value 231

Determining Earned Value and Actual Cost 236

Calculating Schedule and Cost Variances 237

Calculating Schedule and Cost Indexes 238

Forecasts 239

Estimate to Complete 240

Estimate at Completion 240

Summary 241

Key Terms 242

20 Metrics for Adaptive Deliverables 243

Adaptive Measures 243

Burndown Charts 244

Burnup Charts 246

Estimating Velocity 247

Cumulative Flow Diagrams 248

Creating a Cumulative Flow Diagram 250

Stakeholder Measures 253

Net Promoter Score ® 253

Mood Chart 254

Summary 255

Key Terms 255

21 Reporting for Hybrid Projects 256

Reporting 256

Narrative Reports 257

Visual Reports 260

Dashboards 260

Information Radiators 270

Hybrid Dashboards 270

Tips 272

Benefits 272

Summary 272

Key Terms 272

22 Corrective Actions and Closure 273

Preventive and Corrective Actions 273

Potential Causes and Responses for Performance Issues 274

Updating the Baseline 276

Project Closure 276

Transition 277

Administrative Closure 277

Acknowledgment 277

Evaluating Success 278

Close- Out Reports 278

Summary 280

Key Terms 280

23 Making the Move to a Hybrid Environment 281

Establish Criteria 281

Establish the Right Environment 282

Process First 282

Glossary 284

Index 292