Continent in Crisis

Brian Schoen (Edited By) Brian Schoen is the James Richard Hamilton/Baker and Hostetler Professor of Humanities and chair of the Department of History at Ohio University. He is author of The Fragile Fabric of Union: Cotton, Federal Politics, and the Global Origins of the Civil War (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009) and several recent book chapters, articles, and edited anthologies on the early American Republic and Civil War Era. Jewel L. Spangler (Edited By) Jewel L. Spangler is an associate professor and head of the Department of History at the University of Calgary. She is the author of Virginians Reborn (University of Virginia Press, 2008) and co-editor of Remaking North American Sovereignty: State Transformation in the 1860s (Fordham University Press, 2020). Her current project is a microhistory titled “The Richmond Theatre Fire of 1811 in History and Memory.” Frank Towers (Edited By) Frank Towers is a professor of history at the University of Calgary. He is the author of The Urban South and the Coming of the Civil War (University of Virginia Press, 2004) and the co- editor of The Old South's Modern Worlds (Oxford University Press, 2011), Confederate Cities (University of Chicago Press, 2015), and Remaking North American Sovereignty (Fordham University Press, 2020).

Introduction: The United States Civil War Era and

Sovereignty on the North American Continent

Brian Schoen and Frank Towers | 1

1 Fugitive Slaves, Free Soil, and the Contest over Sovereignty

in the U.S.–Mexico Borderlands, 1821–1867

Alice L. Baumgartner | 19

2 Inveterate Imperialists: Contested Imperialisms, North American

History, and the Coming of the U.S. Civil War

John Craig Hammond | 36

3 Walker to Riel: State Consolidation on the Margins of Empire

Amy S. Greenberg | 65

4 Reform Wars, Royal Visits, and U.S. Views of Popular Sovereignty in 1860

Brian Schoen | 85

5 “The Pirates and Their Abettors in This Province”:

Sovereignty, Violence, and Confederate Operations in Britain’s Atlantic Colonies, 1863–1865

Beau Cleland | 119

6 “A Long-Cherished Plan”: Detroit and the U.S. Annexation of Canada

during the Nineteenth Century

John W. Quist | 152

7 From Memphis to Mexico: The U.S. Army’s Assertion of Sovereignty during Reconstruction

Andrew L. Slap | 174

8 “Hold the Fort”: Securing the Soldiers’ State in Nineteenth-Century America

Susan-Mary Grant | 189

Conclusion: Law and Order in Nineteenth-Century North America

Brian Schoen and Frank Towers | 221

Acknowledgments | 229

List of Contributors | 231

Index | 233