The Critical Success Factors of Green Supply Chain Management in Emerging Economies (eBook)

Preface 7
Acknowledgments 9
Contents 10
About the Author 14
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Green Supply Chain Management 15
1.1 Background 15
1.1.1 Public Awareness About the Environmental Impact 16
1.1.2 Tough Firm Competition 17
1.1.3 Government Strict Laws for Green Performance 17
1.1.3.1 Pollution Control 17
1.1.3.2 Resource Sustainability 18
Impact Assessment 18
Water and Mineral Resources 18
Forest Resources 19
1.1.4 Recycling and Remanufacturing Products to Save Money 19
1.2 International Laws 19
1.2.1 European Union Countries 20
1.2.2 Asian Countries 20
1.3 Highlights of Environmental Laws in Pakistan 21
1.4 Definition of GSCM in the Context of Pakistan 23
1.5 The Network of Reverse Logistics 24
1.6 Differences Between Forwarding and Reverse Logistics 26
1.7 Pakistani Manufacturing Sector 30
1.8 Manufacturing Industry Growth 30
1.8.1 Major Industries’ Growth in Manufacturing Sector 32
1.8.2 Large-Scale Manufacturing Industry: Products Growth 32
1.9 Production Index of Manufacturing Sector 32
1.10 Leading Textile Industry in Pakistan 34
1.11 Automotive Industry 35
1.12 Other Major Products 37
1.13 Problem Statement 40
1.14 Research Objectives 42
1.15 Research Scope 42
1.16 Research Method 42
1.17 Thesis Structure 43
References 46
Chapter 2: Empirical Studies on Green Supply Chain Management 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 Development in GSCM 49
2.3 Development of Hypothesis 50
2.3.1 Internal Environmental Management and Green Information Systems 50
2.3.2 Internal Environmental Management and Green Manufacturing 51
2.3.3 Internal Environmental Management and Green Distribution 53
2.3.4 Internal Environmental Management and Green Transportation 54
2.3.5 Internal Environmental Management and Ecological Design 55
2.3.6 Green Information System and Green Manufacturing 56
2.3.7 Green Information System and Green Distribution 57
2.3.8 Green Information System and Green Transportation 58
2.3.9 Green Information System and Ecological Design 59
2.3.10 Green Manufacturing System and Economic Performance 61
2.3.11 Green Manufacturing System and Competitive Edge 62
2.3.12 Green Manufacturing System and Environmental Performance 63
2.3.13 Green Distribution and Competitive Advantage 64
2.3.14 Green Distribution and Environmental Performance 65
2.3.15 Green Transportation and Competitive Advantage 66
2.3.16 Green Transportation and Environmental Performance 66
2.3.17 Ecological Design and Economic Performance 67
2.3.18 Ecological Design and Competitive Advantage 68
2.3.19 Ecological Design and Environmental Performance 69
2.3.20 Environmental Performance and Economic Performance 69
2.3.21 Environmental Performance and Organizational Performance 70
2.3.22 Competitive Advantage and Organizational Performance 71
2.3.23 Economic Performance and Organizational Performance 72
References 72
Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework and Methodology of GSCM 79
3.1 Summary of Research Objectives 79
3.1.1 Theoretical Framework to Support Research Objective 80
3.2 Research Design 87
3.2.1 Research Approaches 88
3.2.1.1 Quantitative Research Approach 88
3.2.1.2 Qualitative Research Approach 88
3.2.1.3 Mixed Research Approach 89
3.2.2 Research Methods 89
3.2.3 Research Context 90
3.2.4 Research Process 90
3.3 Discussion of Current Research Methods 90
3.3.1 Questionnaire Survey 91
3.3.2 Unstructured Interviews 91
3.4 Choice of Research Locations and Interviewees 91
3.5 Statistical Techniques 91
3.6 Sampling Techniques 92
3.7 Data Source 93
3.7.1 Questionnaire Analysis 93
3.7.2 Primary Data 93
3.7.3 Secondary Data 93
3.8 Research Plan 94
3.9 Research Model 94
3.10 Research Hypotheses 94
3.11 Overview of Research Methodology 97
References 98
Chapter 4: Statistical Analyses of Green Supply Chain Management 102
4.1 Survey Response Analysis 102
4.1.1 Survey Response Analysis 102
4.1.2 Non-response and Response Bias 105
4.2 Data Screening and Initial Analysis 106
4.2.1 Missing Data and Outliers 107
4.2.2 Normality of Data 107
4.2.3 Common Method Bias 107
4.2.4 PLS-SEM 108
4.3 Measurement Refinement and Initial Analysis 109
4.3.1 Reliability and Validity of Measures 109
4.3.2 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 115
4.4 Model Validation 122
4.4.1 Convergent Validity 122
4.4.2 Discriminant Validity 122
4.4.3 Quality Criteria of Model 126
4.5 Structural Model Evaluation 127
4.5.1 Structural Model Evaluation 127
4.5.2 Model Fit 131
4.5.2.1 Additional Model Fit Statistics 132
4.5.3 Path Effects 133
4.5.4 Hypothesis Testing 144
4.6 Interview Analysis 145
4.6.1 Barriers of GSCM 145
4.6.1.1 Organizational Barriers 149
Lack of Management Support 149
Existing Poor Infrastructure 149
Lack of Understanding Among SC Members 149
Lack of Employee Commitment Towards GSCM 149
Lack of Ethical Concern 150
Lack of Clear Understanding of What to Solve and hHow 150
Lack of Information About the Performance of Suppliers 150
Lack of Robust Educational Programs on Sustainability 150
Fear of Failure 151
Poor IT Human Resource 151
4.6.1.2 Economic/Financial Barriers 151
Cost of Implementation 151
Lack of Direct Incentives 152
Higher Interest Rate on the Loan 153
Trade Barriers 153
Lack of Government Subsidy 153
Heavy Investment in Information Technology and Software 153
4.6.1.3 Environmental Barriers 154
Firms’ Policies Conflicting with Green Supply Chain Management 154
Complexity in Green Design 154
Lack of Environmental-Friendly Policies 154
Lack of Knowledge, Skills, and Experience Towards GSCM 155
Lack of Clear Definitions of Sustainability 156
Lack of Government Support for Green Projects 156
Lack of Experience and Training to Personnel in GSCM 156
Lack of Strict Environmental Laws 156
4.6.1.4 Competitive Edge Barriers 157
Lack of IT Consultants and Experts 157
No Confidence Among Customers on Green Product Information 157
Poor Quality of Labors 157
Lack of Integration of Technology/Compatibility 158
Poor IT Human Resource/Lack of Skilled Professionals for Green Projects 158
4.6.2 Drivers of GSCM 159
4.6.2.1 Economic Performance Motivating Factors 159
Special Tax Exemption for ISO-Certified Firms 159
Greater Export Opportunities 159
Recycle Within the Firm 160
Lower Rejection and Defective Products 160
Internal Reduction of Production Costs 160
Government Subsidies and Incentives 160
Early Supplier Involvement in Green Product Development 161
New Market Opportunities 161
Reduction in Material Consumption 161
Customer Satisfaction 165
Ethical Reason to Increase the Product Price 165
4.6.2.2 Organizational Performance Motivating Factors 165
Legislation and Regulatory Compliance 167
Top Management Realization 167
Organizational Structure 167
Employee Involvement 167
Pressure from Labor Unions 169
Environmental Protection Plans 169
Effective Communication Platform Within Companies and with Suppliers 169
Media Pressure 170
NGO Pressure 170
4.6.2.3 Environmental Performance Motivating Factors 170
Societal Concern for Environmental Protection 170
Eco- literacy Among Supply Chain Partners 171
Environmental Law Enforcement 171
Pollution Control and Air Emissions 171
Environmental Risk Minimization (ISO 50001 and ISO 14001) 171
Government Environmental Inspections 172
Control to Wastewater and Solid Waste 172
Protecting a Business from Risks of Environmental, Health, and Safety Factors 172
Environmental Education and Training 172
Ethical Standards and Corporate Social Responsibilities 173
Competitive Advantage Motivating Factors 174
Quality Systems Process 174
Fast Service Response 174
Skilled Professionals 176
Green Image and Reputation 176
Green Marketing 176
References 177
Chapter 5: Discussion on Green Supply Chain Management 179
5.1 Quantitative Part of the Research 179
5.1.1 IEM and GIS 179
5.1.2 IEM and GM 181
5.1.3 IEM and GD 185
5.1.4 IEM and GT 188
5.1.5 IEM and ED 190
5.1.6 GIS and GM 192
5.1.7 GIS and GD 194
5.1.8 GIS and GT 197
5.1.9 GIS and ED 200
5.1.10 GM and ECP 202
5.1.11 GM and CA 205
5.1.12 GM and ENP 207
5.1.13 GD and CA 209
5.1.14 GD and ENP 211
5.1.15 GT and CA 212
5.1.16 GT and ENP 214
5.1.17 ED and ECP 215
5.1.18 ED and CA 217
5.1.19 ED and ENP 218
5.1.20 ENP and ECP 219
5.1.21 ENP and ORP 220
5.1.22 CA and ORP 222
5.1.23 ECP and ORP 223
5.2 Qualitative Part of the Research 225
5.2.1 GSCM Barriers in Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan 225
5.2.1.1 Economic Barriers 225
5.2.1.2 Environmental Barriers 230
5.2.1.3 Competitive Barriers 234
5.2.1.4 Organizational Barriers 236
5.2.2 GSCM Drivers in Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan 239
5.2.2.1 Economic Drivers 239
5.2.2.2 Environmental Drivers 242
5.2.2.3 Competitive Drivers 244
5.2.2.4 Organizational Drivers 245
References 247
Chapter 6: Practical Implications and Recommendations for Green Supply Chain Management 253
6.1 Key Findings from Mixed Approached 253
6.2 Practical Implications 253
6.2.1 The Key Barriers 254
6.2.2 The Key Drivers 255
6.3 Research Contribution 258
6.3.1 Achievements of Research Objectives 260
6.3.2 Contribution to Knowledge (the Model) 260
6.3.3 Find Out Reasons Why Practitioners Adopt or Not Adopt Green Practices 260
6.3.4 Implications for Practitioners 261
6.3.5 Implications to Government 261
6.4 Research Recommendations, Limitations, and Future Research 261
Appendix A: Correlational Matrix 263
Correlational Matrix Item Wise 263
Appendix B: Questionnaire 266
Appendix C: Interview Questions 268
Index 269