Enterprise Architecture for Global Companies in a Digital IT Era (eBook)

Yoshimasa Masuda has 14 years of experience in enterprise architecture covering technology, application and security in many industries. He received his PhD in system design and management from Keio University. After completing a BS degree in science and engineering at Keio University, he led many global projects at IBM Japan and engaged in international assignments (Turkey, China). After joining a global pharmaceutical company, he started the global enterprise architecture. He completed his executive education (MoT) at MIT in 2011, and subsequently joined Carnegie Mellon University Australia in an exchange program in 2017 and as a visiting researcher in 2018. His research interests include enterprise architecture, digital IT, digital healthcare, and IT management. Murli Viswanathan has been with Carnegie Mellon University Australia since 2007. As an associate professor, he lectures and manages projects in business intelligence/analytics, machine learning, enterprise architecture, JAVA, and information systems for managers. After receiving his PhD in computer science from Monash University, he was a distinguished visiting professor at Ministry for Information & Communication in South Korea and an assistant professor of computer science at University of Melbourne. He is a senior member of the Australian Computer Society (ACS) and Accenture subject matter expert for analytics. His primary research interests include machine learning for AI, ubiquitous healthcare, enterprise architecture and philosophy of mind. 

Foreword 5
Preface 6
Acknowledgements 9
Contents 11
Abbreviations 16
1 Introduction 18
1.1 An Overview of Digital Transformation and Enterprise Architecture 18
1.2 The Purpose and Scope of This Research 21
1.3 The Primary Related Research 22
1.3.1 Histories and State-of-the-Art Progress in Architecture Frameworks 22
1.3.2 Alternative Approaches to Enterprise Architecture—The MIT Approach 26
1.3.3 Service-Oriented Enterprise Architecture Evolution Model 28
1.3.4 Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Framework 29
1.4 Book Structure 29
References 32
2 Direction of Digital IT and Enterprise Architecture 34
2.1 Introduction for Directions of Digital IT and Enterprise Architecture 34
2.2 Directions of Cloud/Mobile IT 36
2.2.1 Cloud Architecture 36
2.2.2 SOA and Microservices 37
2.3 Specific Application Layer on Cloud/Mobile IT—Big Data, Internet of Things 39
2.3.1 Big Data 39
2.3.2 Internet of Things (IoT) 41
2.4 EA Frameworks—TOGAF, FEAF, Adaptive EA, etc.—With the Integration of Cloud/Mobile IT 44
2.4.1 TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework) 44
2.4.2 Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) 46
2.4.3 Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) 47
2.4.4 MODAF (British Ministry of Defence Architecture Framework) 48
2.4.5 Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Framework 49
2.4.6 EA3 Cube Framework 51
2.5 EA Framework Analysis 53
2.5.1 Comparison of Mobile IT/Cloud Integration in EA Frameworks 53
2.5.2 Analysis of Cloud/Mobile IT Integration in EA Frameworks 55
2.5.3 Results of EA Framework Analysis 57
2.6 Agile Enterprise Architecture and Scaling Agile Frameworks 58
2.6.1 Agile Enterprise Architecture 58
2.6.2 Scaling Agile Frameworks 59
2.7 Problems and Solutions 68
2.7.1 Problems’ Structure and Their Factors in Digital Transformation and Enterprise Architecture 68
2.7.2 Solutions to Cope with Problems in Digital Transformation and Enterprise Architecture 72
References 73
3 Strategic Architecture Framework Aligned with IT Strategy Promoting Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT 77
3.1 Overview of Strategic Architecture Framework in the Era of Digital IT (AIDAF-Covering-Related Models) 77
3.1.1 Overview and Positioning of AIDAF and Related Models 77
3.1.2 Research Strategy 80
3.2 Necessary Elements and Requirements in EA Frameworks for the Era of Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT 81
3.2.1 Necessary Elements in Enterprise Architecture Framework for the Era of Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT 81
3.2.2 Documentation Artifacts in EA Frameworks 83
3.2.3 Requirements in Enterprise Architecture Framework for the Era of Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT 85
3.3 Adaptive Integrated Digital Architecture Framework—AIDAF 86
3.3.1 Proposal of Adaptive Integrated Digital Architecture Framework—AIDAF 86
3.3.2 Research Methodology 87
3.4 Assessment Meta-Model in Architecture Board 88
3.4.1 Background 88
3.4.2 Architecture Board and Global Healthcare Company Case 88
3.4.3 Proposal of Assessment Meta-Model in Architecture Board 90
3.4.4 Research Methodology 91
3.5 GDTC Model for Knowledge Management on Digital Platforms 91
3.5.1 Background 91
3.5.2 Research Methodology for Global Communication Process on Digital Platforms 95
3.5.3 GDTC Model Overview 96
3.5.4 Proposal of GDTC Model for Global Communication on Enterprise Portal 97
3.6 Social Collaboration Model for Architecture Review in Architecture Board 98
3.6.1 Proposal and Overview of Social Collaboration Model for Architecture Review in Architecture Board 98
3.6.2 Research Methodology for Social Collaboration Model for Architecture Review in Architecture Board 99
3.7 STRMM for Digital Transformation 100
3.7.1 Proposal of STRMM for Digital Transformation 100
3.7.2 Research Methodology 100
References 102
4 Evaluation for EA Framework Implementation Method 105
4.1 Case of EA Framework Building in a Global Pharmaceutical Company 105
4.1.1 Building an EA Framework Through TOGAF at Japan Headquarters 106
4.1.2 Problems with EA Implementation in Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT Strategy 107
4.1.3 Building and Application of an “Adaptive Integrated Digital Architecture Framework—AIDAF” in Global Deployment of EA 108
4.2 Evaluation and Analysis of Case Study 111
4.3 Summary 113
References 114
5 Evaluation of Architecture Board Review Process with Knowledge Management 115
5.1 Case of “Architecture Board Review” in Global Healthcare Company 115
5.2 Evaluation and Analysis of Case Study for Architecture Board Review 118
5.2.1 Data Analysis 118
5.2.2 Evaluation and Analysis, Results 120
5.3 Global Communication Case Study 123
5.3.1 Enterprise Portal 123
5.3.2 Global Communication Case Study 126
5.4 Verifications and Summary 126
5.4.1 Verifying the Research Hypotheses in Global Communication Case Study 126
5.4.2 Verifying SCM Model for Architecture Review in Architecture Board with the Global Communication Case Study 128
References 132
6 Evaluation for Risk Management Approach for Digital Transformation 133
6.1 Case of “Risk Management with Architecture Board” in GHE 133
6.2 Evaluation and Analysis of Case Study 135
6.2.1 Data Analysis—Risk Categories for Digital IT Areas 135
6.2.2 Data Analysis—Solution Categories for Digital IT Areas 136
6.2.3 Interrelation Between Solutions and Risks for Digital IT 137
6.3 Verifications and Summary 139
6.3.1 Cloud/Mobile IT with STRMM Model 139
6.3.2 Specific Application Layer on Cloud/Mobile IT—Big Data with STRMM Model 141
6.3.3 Strategy Elements to Mitigate Risks in Digital Transformation 142
References 142
7 Overall Evaluation and Perspectives 144
7.1 Overall Evaluation 144
7.1.1 Valuation of AIDAF for Agility-Related Elements 144
7.1.2 Valuation of Strategy Elements to Mitigate Risks in Digital Transformation 147
7.2 Perspectives on AIDAF 149
7.2.1 Benefits of EA Implementation Using the “Adaptive Integrated Digital Architecture Framework—AIDAF” 149
7.2.2 Challenges Encountered in EA Implementation of AIDAF 150
7.2.3 Critical Success Factors for Implementing AIDAF in the Era of Cloud/Mobile IT/Digital IT 151
7.2.4 Intermediary Knowledge with GDTC Model in Architecture Board 152
7.2.5 Global Communication Structure in Architecture Board 153
7.2.6 Challenges in Architecture Board Formulation Toward the Era of Digital IT 154
7.2.7 Critical Success Factors for Formulating Architecture Board in the Era of Digital IT 154
7.2.8 Global Architecture Board Activities for Digital Transformation 155
7.2.9 Limitations 156
References 157
8 Conclusion 158
8.1 Adaptive Integrated Digital Architecture Framework—AIDAF 158
8.2 Architecture Review and Global Communication Process on Digital Platforms 159
8.3 Risk Management for Digital Transformation 160
8.4 Future Research 161
9 Future Direction—Open Healthcare Platform 2030 and IoT Healthcare Platform 162
9.1 Research Direction and Research Methodology in OHP2030 162
9.2 AIDAF Application for Cross-Functional Healthcare Community 163
9.3 Healthcare Community Case in OHP2030 163
9.4 Challenges in OHP2030 164
9.5 Final Thoughts for OHP2030 165
References 166
Bibliography 167