Sustainable Innovations in Textile Chemical Processes (eBook)

Dr Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu holds PhD in Textiles Sustainability and he has over 40 books to his credit along with 80 research publications. He is well known in the field of Textiles Sustainability due to his notable contributions to the society in terms of his academic and industrial experiences. He is an editor in chief of Textiles & Clothing Sustainability Journal.

Contents 7
1 Sustainable Dyeing Techniques 8
1 Introduction 8
2 Dye and Its Importance 10
3 Principles of Dyeing Process 11
4 Steps Involved in Dyeing Process 12
4.1 Production 12
4.2 Dyeing 12
4.3 Finishing 13
5 Classification of Dyes 13
5.1 Natural Dyes 13
5.2 Synthetic Dyes 15
6 Preparation and Pre-treatment of Materials Before Dyeing 17
7 Dyeing Technologies 18
7.1 Exhaust Dyeing 18
7.2 Continuous Dyeing 19
7.3 Semi-continuous Dyeing 21
7.4 Pigment Dyeing 23
7.5 Air-Dye Technology 23
7.6 Supercritical Fluid Dyeing 24
7.7 Plasma Technology 25
7.8 Foam Dyeing 26
7.9 Microwave Technology 26
7.10 Ultrasonic Wave Dyeing Technology 27
7.11 Ozone Technology for Dyeing 28
7.12 Bio-based Dyeing Technology 28
7.13 Electrochemical Dyeing 29
8 Dyeing Machines 29
8.1 Jigger Dyeing Machine 30
8.2 Winch Dyeing Machine 32
9 Future Trends in Dyeing 33
10 Conclusion 34
References 35
2 Eco-friendly Production Methods in Textile Wet Processes 37
1 Introduction 38
2 Textile Operations 39
2.1 Sizing and Desizing 39
2.2 Bleaching 40
2.3 Mercerization 40
2.4 Dyeing and Printing 40
2.5 Finishing Process 40
3 Ozonation Technology 41
3.1 Properties of Ozone Gas 41
3.2 Production of Ozone Gas 43
3.3 The Usage of Ozone Gas in Textile Industry 44
4 Membrane Filtration Technology 47
4.1 Types of Membrane Process 48
4.2 Studies Concerning Membrane Use 50
5 Plasma Technology 51
5.1 Plasma Treatment to Cotton 53
5.2 Plasma Treatment to Wool 54
5.3 Plasma Treatment to Synthetic Fibers 56
6 Enzymatic Treatments 58
6.1 Enzyme Structure 59
6.2 Enzyme Action Mechanism 59
6.3 Factors of Affecting Enzyme Action 60
6.4 Enzyme Classification 61
6.5 Utilization of Enzymes in Textile 61
6.6 Purposes of Bio-process for Textile Finishing 62
6.7 Cellulase 63
7 Conclusion 66
References 66
3 Sustainability in Wastewater Treatment in Textiles Sector 72
1 Introduction 73
2 Resources in Domestic Wastewater and Organic Household Waste 76
2.1 Wastewater Types, Sources and Constituents 76
3 Sustainability Wastewater Management 79
4 Characteristics of Wastewater 81
5 Wastewater Treatment Technologies 82
5.1 Treatment Methodologies 82
6 Sustainability 92
6.1 Sustainability Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Systems 93
6.2 Economic Sustainability 93
6.3 Ecological Sustainability 94
6.4 Societal Sustainability 95
6.5 Significance of Sustainability 96
7 Environment Re-entry or Re-utilize 97
7.1 Re-entry of Treated Waste into the Biological System 97
7.2 Sorts of Re-entry Framework 98
7.3 Solids Re-entry Innovations 98
7.4 Wastewater Emanating Re-entry Innovations 99
7.5 Re-utilization of Water and Bio Solids Recovered from Wastewater 99
8 Conclusion 101
References 101