Music Business Handbook and Career Guide

Author David Baskerville (1918–1986) received a PhD in music from UCLA. His background included staff composer-conductor for NBC-Hollywood; arranger for Nelson Riddle, Paramount Pictures, and 20th Century Fox; television producer for BBC-London; conductor at Radio City Music Hall; trombonist with the Seattle Symphony, Los Angeles Philharmonic, and NBC-Hollywood orchestra; executive vice president of Ad-Staff, Inc., producer of award-winning broadcast commercials; executive editor of Tor Music Publishing Company; and president of Sherwood Recording Studios, North Hollywood. He also served as a consultant to companies in the entertainment industry, such as Walt Disney Productions, and to research and marketing firms, such as Vidmar Communications in Los Angeles. As an educator, Dr. Baskerville created and directed the music management program at the University of Colorado at Denver, where he became professor emeritus. He was a guest lecturer, consultant, or clinician at USC, UCLA, Chicago Musical College, Hartt School of Music, the Ohio State University, University of Miami, and Trebas Institute in Canada. He was a featured speaker at national conventions of the Music Educators National Conference, College Music Society, National Association of Jazz Educators, and the National Association of Schools of Music.   Author Tim Baskerville has a diverse background in entertainment and media. He began his career in broadcasting after receiving a BA in theater arts from UCLA. Early affiliations included CBS and Cox Broadcasting, where he served as a staff writer-producer. The first TV documentary he created for CBS TV stations was nominated for an Emmy. As a publisher and entrepreneur, he launched business periodicals on the home video software industry, global film distribution, multinational broadcasting, and mobile communications. He served as president of what is now a division of S&P Global Market Intelligence, the leading provider of financial analysis on the media industry, and CEO of JupiterResearch (acquired by Forrester Research), a key source of consumer research on new media. As a consultant, Baskerville’s clients have included the Motion Picture Association of America, Variety, Time Warner, IBM, International Data Corp., Young & Rubicam, Apple, and The Rockefeller Foundation. He has been both a strategy consultant and weekly columnist for Billboard. Baskerville was vice president of the Music and Entertainment Industry Educators Association (MEIEA) and member of the Writers Guild of America, West. He has served on the boards of both public and private companies that produce business information.

Part 1: Setting the Stage
Chapter 1: Overture
Music and Society: We’ve Got Music in Us
Art Versus Commerce: Music Changes Everything
Historical Development
Chapter 2: The Digital Millennium
The Double-Edged Sword
Internet Synergy
Labels Sow Seeds of Self-Destruction
Smaller, Cheaper, Faster, Better (?)
The Economics of Digital Distribution: Change and Evolution
The New Economic Order
The Digital Future
Chapter 3: The Music Business System
Help Wanted!
Getting Through the Maze
Show Me the Money
Tools of the Trade: Everybody’s Gotta Learn Sometime
Part 2: Copyright, Songwriting, Publishing, and Licensing
Chapter 4: Music Copyright
Background
Essential Provisions
Key Terms
Coverage
Exclusive Rights
Fair Use of Copyrighted Material
Copyright Ownership
Transfer or Assignment
Work Made for Hire
Musical Arrangements
Sound Recordings
Compulsory Mechanical License
Royalty Payments (Section 115[c])
Duration of Copyright
Formalities
Infringement, Remedy
Record Counterfeiting, Penalties
Changing Laws
Rights in Names and Trademarks
A Final Note on Law
Chapter 5: Professional Songwriting
The Market
Predictors of Success
The Craft
The Business of Writing
Income Sources
Publishing Options
Evaluating Publishers
The Songwriters Guild of America
Contract Reassignment or Default
Breaking In
Chapter 6: Music Publishing
Types of Publishers
Subpublishing
Administration
Contracts With Writers
Split Publishing, Copublishing
Copyright Protection: Sampling
Promotion, Advertising
Income Sources
Trade Associations and Rights Administration
Chapter 7: Music Licensing
Music Rights: An Overview
Performing Rights Organizations
Keeping Track of the Music
Membership Options
Mechanical Licenses
Synchronization Licenses
Cable Television Licenses
Video Licenses
Transcription Licenses
Special Use Permits
Jukebox Licenses
Dramatic Music Rights
Creative Commons
Part 3: Managing Artist Relationships
Chapter 8: Agents, Managers, and Attorneys
Agents
Managers
Attorneys
Chapter 9: Artist Management
Discovering Each Other
The Financial Relationship
Manager’s Commission
The Manager’s Role
Advancing the Career
Personal Management Agreement
Chapter 10: Unions and Guilds
American Federation of Musicians
SAG-AFTRA
American Guild of Musical Artists
American Guild of Variety Artists
Actors’ Equity Association
International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees
Other Unions and Guilds
Part 4: The Recorded Music Industry
Chapter 11: Record Labels
Perspective
Major Labels
Independent Labels
Specialty Labels
Record Company Structure
Trade Associations
Chapter 12: Artists′ Recording Contracts
AFTRA Agreements
AFM Agreements
Royalty Artist Contracts
Chapter 13: Record Production
Record Producers
Matching Producer to Artist
Production Deals
The Recording Studio: Operation and Selection
The Five Stages of Record Production
Getting Started in the Business
Professional Associations
Chapter 14: Record Label Marketing and Distribution
The Marketing Plan
The Elements of a Marketing Plan
Record Distribution
Chapter 15: Marketplace Research
Understanding the Consumer
Research Topics
Data Sources
Part 5: Live Performance
Chapter 16: Concert Production
Concert Promotion
Getting Started
Booking the Artist
Making an Offer
The Art of the Deal
Contracts
Marketing
Publicity and Public Relations
Sponsorships
The Future of Live
Chapter 17: Concert Venues
Venue Contracts
Ticketing
Licensed Merchandise
Venue Trade Association
Chapter 18: Arts Administration
Perspective
Representative Organizations
Symphonic Music
Funding the Arts
Classical Artist Management
Administration
Part 6: Music in the Marketplace
Chapter 19: Music in Radio
Types of Broadcast Radio Stations
Audience Identification and Market Research
Spectrum of Formats
How Commercial Radio Stations Work
Chapter 20: Music in Television and Video
Variety and Talk Shows
Music Specials/Events/Awards Shows
Theme Songs
Background Music and Foreground Spotlights
The Evolving TV Picture
MTV and the Rise of the Music Video
Music Video Economics and Distribution
Chapter 21: Dramatic Scoring for Movies, TV, and Games
Background
The Craft
Music Scoring for TV
Music Scoring for Video Games
Production Music Libraries
Hiring Practices
Chapter 22: Music in Advertising
Influences on Style
Jobs
Music Uses
Budgets
Station Branding Logos
The Agency Role
Spot Production
Chapter 23: Music and Theater
Types of Musical Theater
Theater Associations
Production Components
Chapter 24: Music Products
Music Retailers
Sales Leaders
Promotion of Musical Products
A Changing Industry
Trade Associations
Opportunities for Employment
Chapter 25: Business Music and Production Libraries
Foreground and Background Music
Business Music
Production Music Libraries
Part 7: The Entrepreneurial Musician
Chapter 26: The DIY Toolkit
The Economics of Indie
The Direct-to-Fan Era
Doing the Math
Making Money With “Free”
Tools of the Trade
Online Platforms: Now You See It, Now You Don’t
Conclusion
Chapter 27: Starting Your Own Business
Getting the Process Started
Choosing a Name
Forms of Ownership
Permits and Legal Issues
Raising Funds
Marketing
Accounting and Finance
Keeping Track of the Money
Operations Management
Management
Where To From Here?
Part 8: Career Planning and Development
Chapter 28: Career Options
Creative Careers
Directing/Producing Careers
Performing Careers
Teaching Careers
Broadcasting/Film/Video Game Careers
Music-Related Careers
Entrepreneurs/Starting Your Own Business
Chapter 29: Career Development
Defining Goals
Climbing the Ladder
Finding Work
Part 9: The Global View
Chapter 30: The World Outside the United States
Chapter 31: International Copyright
Copyright Conventions
Multilateral Agreements
Bilateral Treaties
Intergovernmental Bodies and International Industry Organizations