Communication Economics and Development (eBook)

Front Cover 
1 
Communication Economics and Development 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Chapter 1. Communication Economics and Development: An Economics of Information Perspective 12
MODELING OF INFORMATION IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC SYSTEM 14
INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS 18
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT 21
REFERENCES 26
Chapter 2. The Conflict between Communication Gaps and Suitability Gaps 27
THE CAUSE OF INTERNATIONAL INEQUALITY 27
THE TRANSFER OF KNOWLEDGE 28
OUTPUTS GAPS AND TECHNOLOGY GAPS 29
A POSSIBLE OBJECTION 34
OBSTACLES TO THE SPREAD OF BENEFITS 35
WHY HAS THE MARKET NOT CLOSED THE GAP? 38
FOUR POLICIES FOR CLOSING THE GAP(IO) 41
CONCLUSION 42
NOTES 43
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 3. The Theoretical Implications of Measuring the Communication Sector 47
MEASUREMENT: PROBLEMS AND PROGRESS 47
I. INFORMATION PRODUCERS 59
II. INFORMATION PROCESSORS 60
III. INFORMATION DISTRIBUTORS 61
IV. INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE OCCUPATIONS 61
THE ECONOMICS OF INFORMATION 64
THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATIONAL EFFICIENCY 66
CONCLUSION 67
NOTES 68
REFERENCES 68
Chapter 4. Notes on Communication and Economic Theory 71
COMMUNICATION AND NEOCLASSICAL THEORY 72
ELEMENTS OF A THEORY INCORPORATING INFORMATION FLOWS 73
NOTE 79
REFERENCES 79
Chapter 5. On the Economics of Communicating Behavior 81
REFERENCES 85
Chapter 6. Information, Communication, and Division of Labor 86
DIVISION OF LABOR AND DEVELOPMENT 86
DIVISION OF LABOR: THE NEED FOR COORDINATION 87
THE ANALYTIC MODEL 88
THE INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE 91
Chapter 7. International Trade Theory and Communications 93
THEORY 95
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND TRADE IN COMMUNICATIONS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 98
TRADE, COMMUNICATIONS, AND DEVELOPMENT 101
TRADE AND TRANSFER OF COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 103
CONCLUSION 107
REFERENCES 107
Chapter 8. The Political Economy of Information in a Changing International Economic Order 111
INFORMATION, MARKETS, AND ECONOMIC THEORY 113
INFORMATION, POWER, AND INTERDEPENDENCE 118
INFORMATION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ANDNORTH-SOUTH RELATIONS 124
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INFORMATION AND TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS 129
CONCLUSION 133
NOTES 134
REFERENCES 139
Chapter 9. The New International Order: Economics and Communication 144
THE NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER 145
THE NEW INTERNATIONAL INFORMATION ORDER 147
ECONOMICS AND COMMUNICATION: THE INTERFACE AND THE REACTION 149
ECONOMICS AND COMMUNICATION: TWO DIFFERENT PARADIGMS 151
CONCLUSION 153
Chapter 10. The Role of Communication in Economic Development: The Japanese Experience 155
COMMUNICATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 155
DEFINING THE PROBLEM 159
EMPIRICAL OBSERVATIONS 160
CONCLUSION 168
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 11. Toward a Model for Predicting Development Benefits from Telecommunication Investment 170
THE ROLE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT 171
RURAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS REQUIREMENTS 176
PRECONDITIONS AND COCONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS TO CONTRIBUTE TO DEVELOPMENT 177
CONCLUSION 187
APPENDIX A 188
APPENDIX B. METHODOLOGY FOR FIELD RESEARCH ON THE ROLE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT 188
REFERENCES 199
Chapter 12. Telecommunications in Developing Countries: Constraints on Development 201
SIGNALS FOR INVESTMENT EXPANSION 201
REASONS FOR UNDERINVESTMENT: THE WORLD BANK 203
OTHER REASONS FOR UNDERINVESTMENT 205
APPLIED RESEARCH IN THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES(11) 212
REFERENCES 220
Chapter 13. Telecommunication and Information in Development Planning Strategy 222
EXACERBATION OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL DUALISM BY TELECOM DEVELOPMENT 223
A CASE STUDY OF RECENT TELECOM DEVELOPMENTS IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA 225
SECTORAL MULTIPLIERS AND LINKAGES IN TELECOM PLANNING 228
MICROTHEORETIC TECHNIQUES IN THE APPRAISAL OF TELECOM EXPANSION 233
COST-EFFECTIVE SOCIAL DELIVERY SERVICES IN EXPERIMENTAL RURAL TELECOM 235
THE NEED FOR COMPREHENSIVE CRITERIA FOR THE APPRAISAL OF TELECOM BENEFIT-COSTS 236
REFERENCES 238
Chapter 14. Opportunity Costs in Computer Conferencing During and for Economic Development 241
COMPUTER CONFERENCING 243
OPPORTUNITY COSTS OF COMPUTER CONFERENCING FOR ALLOCATION OF INVESTMENT RESOURCES 246
POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER CONFERENCING ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 251
EFFECTS OF COMPUTER CONFERENCING ON THE PLANNING PROCESS 258
CONCLUSION 262
APPENDIX: PRODUCTION FUNCTION FOR A PROFESSIONAL SERVICE 265
NOTES 267
REFERENCES 267
Chapter 15. Evaluating the Impact of Communication on Agricultural Development: General Observations and a Case Study from Nepal 270
OBSERVATIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT 270
CASE STUDY OF AGRICULTURE IN NEPAL 275
NOTES 291
REFERENCES 292
Chapter 16. The Use of Economic Concepts in Communication Planning Practice: An Analysis of Six Agencies in Five Countries 293
COMMUNICATION PLANNING AT THE INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL 294
COMMUNICATION PLANNING AND ECONOMIC THINKING 294
THE CASES 299
THE ONTARIO EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 306
CROSS-CASE ANALYSIS, TENTATIVE GENERALIZATION, AND QUESTIONS 318
CONCLUSION 327
NOTES 329
REFERENCES 329
Chapter 17. Rapporteur's Statements: N.D. Karunaratne, Kimio Uno, G.E. Moriarty 331
RAPPORTEUR: N.D. KARUNARATNE CHAPTER 2, "THE CONFLICT BETWEEN COMMUNICATION GAPS AND SUITABILITY GAPS," STREETEN 331
RAPPORTEUR: N.D. KARUNARATNE CHAPTER 8, "POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INFORMATION IN A CHANGING INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER," O'BRIEN & HELLEINER
RAPPORTEUR: N.D. KARUNARATNE CHAPTER 3, "THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF MEASURING THE COMMUNICATION SECTOR," LAMBERTON 334
RAPPORTEUR: KIMIO UNO CHAPTER 10, "APPLICATIONS OF ECONOMIC THEORY TO COMMUNICATION" 336
RAPPORTEUR: G.E. MORIARTY SUMMARY OF DISCUSSIONS ON THE APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATION ECONOMICS TO DEVELOPMENT OF LDCs 340
Author Index 344
Subject Index 350
List of Participants 354