Newnes Electronics Assembly Pocket Book (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Electronics Assembly Pocket Book 2
Copyright Page 3
Table of Contents 6
Preface 4
Chapter 1. Safety and safe working practice 8
Interference 8
Authorised working 8
Working conditions 8
Working practices 8
Emergencies or accidents Personal injury 9
Chapter 2. First aid 11
Procedure in event of accident 11
First aid to save life 12
Treatment of electric shock 13
Electrical burns 14
Chapter 3. Fire procedures 15
General 15
Fire drills and precautions 15
Safety 16
Allocation of fire-fighting equipment 17
Chapter 4. Manual lifting techniques 17
Correct manual lifting techniques 17
Principal rules for holding and carrying 18
Protection against injury 19
Chapter 5. Standards and specifications 19
Customer standards 19
Company standards 19
National standards 20
International standards 20
Use of standards and specifications 20
Example of standards use 21
Chapter 6. Engineering information 22
Engineering drawings 22
Circuit diagram 22
Block diagram 23
Wiring diagram 23
Wiring schedule 24
Wiring layout 24
Component layout 24
Sequence chart 24
Specifications and data sheets 25
Chapter 7. Drawings, documentation and practices 25
Drawing control 25
Important 26
Working from drawings or sketches 26
Freehand sketching 26
Preparing diagrams 28
Chapter 8. Definitions of units 28
Voltage, current and resistance 28
Electromotive force and potential difference 28
Ohm's law 29
Resistivity 29
Temperature coefficient of resistance 30
Chapter 9. BS3939 electronics symbols 30
Chapter 10. Resistors 31
Tolerance 31
Stability 31
Power rating 31
Resistor types 31
KirchhofPs laws 36
Potential divider networks 38
Chapter 11. Capacitors 40
Units of capacitance 43
Capacitor colour-code 43
Effect of capacitance in a DC circuit 46
Chapter 12. Inductors 49
Inductors in series 50
Inductors in parallel 50
Inductor connected to DC supply 50
Inductive reactance 51
Impedance 51
Identification 51
Chapter 13. Electric motors 52
Chapter 14. Relays 52
Chapter 15. Fuses and circuit breakers 53
Chapter 16. Generators 53
Chapter 17. Synchros 54
Chapter 18. Switches 54
Chapter 19. Semiconductors 55
Copper oxide and selenium rectifiers 55
Structure of semiconductors 55
Production of N-type material 56
Production of P-type material 56
Chapter 20. Junction of N- and P-type material 57
Chapter 21. Diodes 58
Chapter 22. Diode case types 59
Chapter 23. Use of junction diodes as rectifiers 61
Half wave rectifiers 61
Full wave rectifiers 61
Full wave rectifiers, bridge-connected 61
Smoothing 62
Voltage doubler circuit 62
Point contact diodes 62
Chapter 24. Photodiodes 63
Chapter 25. Light emitting diodes 63
Chapter 26. Zener diodes 64
Chapter 27. Transistors 64
Construction of junction transistors 65
Grown junctions 65
Fused junctions 65
Chapter 28. Transistor types 65
Chapter 29. Transistor configurations 67
Chapter 30. Transistor as an amplifier 69
Common base configuration 69
Common emitter configuration 69
Common collector configurationHere input is to the transistor 70
Chapter 31. Feedback 71
Negative feedback 71
Positive feedback 71
Chapter 32. Stabilisation of transistor amplifiers 71
Chapter 33. Multi-stage amplifiers 72
Multi-stage AC amplifiers 72
Multi-stage DC amplifiers 73
Chapter 34. Transistor as a switch 74
Chapter 35. Oscillators 75
Chapter 36. Multivibrators 75
Astable multivibrator 75
Monostable multivibrator 76
Bistable multivibrator 77
Schmitt trigger 77
Chapter 37. Other transistors 78
The unijunction transistor (UJT) 78
Field effect transistor (FET) 78
Junction gate field effect transistor (JUGFET 79
Insulated gate field effect transistor (IGFET) 79
Chapter 38. Thyristors 81
Operating conditions 81
Chapter 39. Diacs and triacs 82
Chapter 40. Opto-electronics 83
Signal lamps 83
Neon 83
Filament lamps 83
Liquid crystal displays (LCD 84
Opto-isolators 84
Chapter 41. Integrated circuits 84
Chapter 42. Operational amplifiers 87
Differential input amplifiers 87
Inverting amplifier 88
Chapter 43. Logic 90
Industrial control systems 90
Binary system 91
Decimal/binary/octal conversion table 91
Chapter 44. Logic gate symbols 93
Chapter 45. Logic modes 94
The AND function 94
AND gate truth table 94
The OR function 95
The NOR function 97
Hold or memory circuit 99
Logic gates 100
Chapter 46. Microelectronic devices 101
Method of production 101
Quality 103
Chapter 47. Thin-film modules 107
Chapter 48. Common wire and cables 112
Single-strand wire 112
Multi-strand wire 112
Types of cable 113
Coaxial cable 114
Chapter 49. Current carrying capacity 114
Wire tables 114
Chapter 50. Wire identification 115
Important 116
Ribbon cable 116
Removal of insulation 116
Chapter 51. Forming pigtails in coaxial cable braiding 121
Chapter 52. Coaxial cable bonding 123
Chapter 53. Sleeving 124
Heat-shrink sleeves 126
Chapter 54. Wire terminations 126
Wiring accessories 128
Crimped joints 128
Chapter 55. Wire-wrapped connections 130
Wrapping tools 131
Making a wrapped joint 131
Bare tinned wire 132
Insulated wire 133
Chapter 56. Connectors 135
Ribbon cable connectors 136
Dual-in-line connectors 136
Multi-pole connectors 136
Coaxial connectors 138
Polarisation of connectors 139
Chapter 57. Multi-pole connector assembly 139
Chapter 58. High-density connector assembly 142
Chapter 59. Covers 144
Chapter 60. Coaxial connector assembly 145
Push fit type with a rack or panel mounted socket 145
Spring fit coaxial type 147
Chapter 61. Cable glands 148
Chapter 62. Printed circuit boards 149
Chapter 63. Nylon screen PCB manufacture 151
Chapter 64. Photographic PCB manufacture 152
Chapter 65. Etching printed circuit board 153
Chapter 66. Edge connectors 154
Chapter 67. Roller soldering 154
Chapter 68. External connections to printed circuit boards 155
Chapter 69. Plated-through hole printed circuit boards 157
Production 158
Chapter 70. Multi-layered printed circuit boards 169
Advantages 170
Chapter 71. Multi-layered board manufacture 172
Chapter 72. Number of layers 175
Chapter 73. Test and inspection of printed circuit boards 175
Inspection of multi-layered printed circuit board 177
Chapter 74. Handling printed circuit boards 179
Chapter 75. Printed circuit board assembly by hand 181
Care of tools 182
Assembly methods 183
Important 184
Chapter 76. Specific component assembly requirements 186
Resistors 186
Capacitors 189
Transformers 190
Relays 191
Discrete semiconductors 191
Thin-film integrated circuits 193
T05 packaged integrated circuits 196
Chapter 77. Hand soldering 204
Electrical maintenance of soldering irons 204
Mechanical maintenance of soldering irons 204
Mechanical reinforcement 211
Chapter 78. Printed circuit assembly and soldering 219
Order of component mounting and soldering 220
Component soldering 223
Chapter 79. Reflow soldering 227
Chapter 80. Components, piece parts and sub-assemblies 228
Chapter 81. Encapsulation of printed circuit boards 232
Chapter 82. Repairs to printed circuit boards 233
Broken track 233
Lifted track 234
Components on an encapsulated board 236
Chapter 83. Fitting components to front panels 238
Chapter 84. Fitting components to chassis 244
Chapter 85. Prototype assembly 253
Chapter 86. Assembly to standards 266
The General Assembly (GA) 266
Defect reporting 268
Use of drawings 269
Chapter 87. Cabinet fitting and wiring 270
Chapter 88. Adhesives 276
Epoxy adhesive 277
Impact (contact) adhesive 277
Epoxy resins 278
Chapter 89. Hand tools 279
Chapter 90. Portable electric tools 288
Chapter 91. Measuring instruments 291
Characteristics of measuring instruments 293
Chapter 92. Electronic test equipment 294
Cathode ray oscilloscope 295
Setting up before use 297
Measuring frequency 298
Signal generators 301
Index 304